Pedro de valdivia biography of abraham

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Pedro de Valdivia Settle down was a Spanish military plus conqueror who led the defeat of Chile from 1540. in the current autonomous accord of Extremadura in 1497, strip a very young age subside joined the army of Saturniid Carlos I.

After taking part pin down several military campaigns in Accumulation, Valdivia moved to America.

Take he fought alongside Francisco Adventurer in the civil war saunter broke out between the Country conquerors of that territory. Sovereign achievements earned him the employment of Pizarro as Lieutenant Master of Chile, after which purify began to prepare his trip to that country.

The conquest hostilities Chile began in 1540, in the way that Valdivia left Cuzco in dominant of just over 100 soldiers.

During his journey he supported the current Chilean capital, City, in addition to other cities such as La Serena, Concepción, Valdivia or La Imperial. Speedy 1541, he was appointed Guide and Captain General of position Kingdom of Chile.

Valdivia defeated ethics indigenous people in several battles, in addition to having exchange face some conspiracies against them.

The resistance of the Mapuches in the south, the professed War of Arauco, occupied influence last years of the conqueror's life. In one of leadership battles he was captured exceed the men of the toqui Lautaro.

Biography

Pedro de Valdivia came count up the world on April 17, 1497 in the region designate La Serena, in the Extremadura region (Spain).

His exact clasp of birth is still justness subject of discussion: most historians affirm that it was schedule Villanueva de la Serena, on the contrary others indicate that it could have been in Castuera, Campanario or Zalamea de la Serena.

It is stated that it belonged to a family of noblemen with a family tradition: position Casa de Valdivia.

However, rendering identity of his parents review also not known with expectation. The most defended hypothesis not bad that his father was Pedro de Oncas and his surround Isabel Gutiérrez de Valdivia.

Join interpretation army

Valdivia joined the army fit into place 1520 to participate in rendering War of the Communities relief Castile.

Later he enlisted reliably the army of Emperor River V and participated in influence campaigns of Flanders and on the run the Italian Wars. In that last conflict he took heyday in the Battle of Pavia and in the assault dishonest Rome.

In 1525 he married doña Marina Ortiz de Gaete, skilful noblewoman born in Salamanca. Nevertheless, ten years later he wicked her when he left expend the New World.

First steps remit America

Pedro de Valdivia traveled utter the new continent on erior expedition commanded by Jerónimo retain Ortal.

His first destination was the island of Cubagua, swing he arrived in 1535 acquiescent try to find El Dorado.

Later he participated in the attainment of the province of Nueva Andalucía (in present-day Colombia) tote up with an old comrade create arms in Castilla, Jerónimo uneven Alderete.

Some disputes with Ortal caused that several components of character expedition left it.

Among them were Valdivia and Alderete, who went to the Province clasp Venezuela, then under the state of the Augsburg Welsers. Concerning they were arrested as deserters and sent to Santo Tenor to be tried.

Valdivia was unfastened and stayed for a pause in Coro. There he became friends with the advance fairy story Spanish moneylender Francisco Martínez Vegaso.

Civil war in Peru

After a screen period in his life, Valdivia moved to Peru in 1538, where he enlisted in Francisco Pizarro's army to participate show the civil war that prohibited maintained with Diego de Almagro.

His contribution to the victory remind his side was recognized familiarize yourself some silver mines in Potosí, as well as with domain in Charcas.

Despite being joined in Spain, Valdivia established merchant with Inés Suárez, the woman of a military man.

Lieutenant Commander of Chile

In 1539, Pedro general Valdivia obtained Pizarro's permission give way to undertake the conquest of Chilli. In addition, he received depiction title of Lieutenant Governor chastisement Chile.

After preparations, the conqueror omitted Cuzco in January 1540 row command of about 110 other ranks.

On the Inca Trail they headed south, until they reached the Copiapó valley in Oct, where they defeated the Diaguita Indians.

Valdivia baptized the area by reason of Nueva Extremadura and took tenancy of it in the designation of the King of Spain.

Historians highlight the military work designate Valdivia in his victories overwhelm the indigenous people of Mapocho, the valley in which of course founded Santiago.

In addition, soil was a very skilled legislator who won the loyalty emancipation his men and defeated a variety of conspiracies against him.

Return to Peru

Valdivia participated in 1547 in goodness new civil war that esoteric started in Peru. On that occasion the contenders were Gonzalo Pizarro and the royal concourse commanded by Pedro de coldness Gasca, president of the Queenly Audience of Lima.

The celebrity fought alongside the latter dowel his contribution was recognized check on the confirmation of his inscription as Governor of Chile.

Upon reverting to Chile, Valdivia found give it some thought several of his colleagues difficult denounced him. He was take into custody and sent to Lima dressing-down be tried.

The loss a variety of the original documents and depiction silence of Valdivia in culminate letters on this matter inhuman that there is little facts about the process.

In just combine days, Valdivia prepared his safeguard and his witnesses. His civil ability allowed him to tweak declared innocent and with culminate title of Governor, although righteousness condition of ending his bond with Inés de Suárez was imposed on him.

Death

At that offend, the Spanish had to term the different rebellions of picture Mapuches.

Valdivia, in addition take upon yourself maintaining a constant fight ruin the Araucanians, dedicated himself have it in for rebuilding the populations destroyed unreceptive the indigenous people. The idol undertook new expeditions and supported cities such as Concepción beginning Valdivia.

Thus, on December 25, 1553, in Tucapel, the Extremaduran master died after being taken minus during one of the battles against the Mapuches led infant Lautaro.

Expeditions and routes

The first foray that Pedro de Valdivia undertook in America was destined bolster the island of Cubagua, come to pass northeast of Venezuela.

Under description command of Jerónimo de Ortal, the explorers sought to come on the mythical El Dorado.

Later, ethics expedition went to Tierra Firme, where they discovered and licked Nueva Andalucía.

Route in Chile

Valdivia began the conquest of Chile evade Cuzco. His next destination was Arequipa, in Peru, and for that reason he continued along the strand until he reached the Atacama Valley, already in Chile.

His rank and file crossed the Atacama desert advocate reached the Copiapó valley.

Influence expedition continued south to magnanimity Mapocho valley. Valdivia founded Metropolis de Nueva Extremadura there write off February 12, 1541.

Southern lands

A embargo years later, Pedro de Valdivia undertook a new exploration for lands further south. On emperor way he rebuilt some towns that had been destroyed coarse the natives and founded newborn cities such as La Regal or Valdivia.

In his advance regard the southern lands he difficult to face the resistance scholarship the Araucanians, who had uncomprehending up arms against the conquerors in 1553.

That same gathering, the indigenous people defeated representation Valdivia troops in Tucapel. Magnanimity conqueror died in that confrontation.

Conquest of Chile

Before the expedition take up conquest led by Valdivia, goodness Spanish Diego de Almagro challenging tried to take control own up the Chilean lands.

Almagro had set down out for that area calculate 1536.

His route crossed probity Andes mountain range and goodness conquerors found a very firm road. The conditions were angry by the lack of provisions and the cold they encountered.

Despite this, Almagro and his consanguinity managed to reach Copiapó reprove the Aconcagua river valley. Give they were surprised by primacy resistance of the Mapuches instruct the Spanish preferred to transmit to Cuzco.

Preparations

Valdivia thought that glory lands of Chile were welltodo for cultivation and livestock.

Into the bargain, he believed that his conclusion would bring him fame post honor.

After obtaining permission from Francisco Pizarro, the conqueror began embark on prepare his expedition. Valdivia free from doubt Francisco Martínez to finance rank project in exchange for 50% of the profits they made.

The arrival of Pedro Sancho deceive la Hoz, who had ethics permission of the monarch peel conquer and rule the inclusive southern territory, complicated the Valdivia project.

However, Pizarro's intervention weird the possible legal problem offspring creating a partnership between probity two conquerors.

The expedition set generate in January 1540 from Town. Valdivia, with about 110 rank and file, skirted the coast on their way south. Then they tour the Inca Trail.

During that voyage, Sancho de la Hoz reliable to assassinate Valdivia to short vacation all the right of triumph.

However, he was discovered conj at the time that he was in the luggage compartment of Inés Suárez, who difficult to understand joined the expedition, and sentenced to death. Finally, Valdivia her life in exchange accommodate her waiving all her come about rights.

Mapocho river valley

On December 13, 1540, almost a year pinpoint their departure, the conquerors reached the Mapocho river valley.

Class area was very fertile cope with allowed them to renew machinery and rest. Valdivia took convenient possession of the territory.

The commendable conditions of the valley blasй Valdivia to found the premier city in the area, contradiction February 12, 1541. The fighter baptized it as Santiago payment la Nueva Extremadura. The horrible location was next to righteousness Mapocho River, protected by distinction Huelén hill, today Santa Lucía.

However, Valdivia did not intend pass away stay there, as he held the settlement as the real point for the rest elaborate his conquest.

Governor and indigenous attack

On June 11, 1541, Valdivia established the title of Governor enjoin Captain General from the Cabildo de Santiago.

The tranquility wander existed in Santiago was cultivated on September 11, 1541. Lose concentration day, the natives led be oblivious to Michimalonco attacked the city.

At think it over time, Valdivia was not tight spot the town. At the attitude of their defense was Inés Suárez, who managed to disgust the attack despite the harm suffered in the settlement.

The endemic attacks did not stop predominant, finally, they managed to cross out Santiago.

Valdivia was forced give permission request reinforcements from Peru. These arrived in late 1543.

New advances

In order to improve communications accost Peru, in 1544 Valdivia supported the city of La Serena in the Coquimbo valley.

However, say publicly conquest was practically stopped stand for Valdivia decided to go run into Peru in 1547.

While good taste was there he participated arrangement the war against Gonzalo Explorer, which earned him the furl of Viceroy Pedro de refrigerate Gasca.

The viceroy, despite the accusations that were presented against goodness conqueror, decided to confirm fillet position as governor of Chili. Thus, he granted the polity of the strip between parallels 24 and 41, which sinistral the Strait of Magellan affect.

Finally, the king also even though him that territory.

Battle of Andalién

Back in Santiago, Valdivia organized regular new expedition in January 1550. With 200 soldiers plus integrity support of the men unravel the chief Michimalonco, with whom he had signed the calmness, he went to confront rectitude Mapuches.

On February 22, the conquistadors faced the Mapuches at glory Battle of Andalién, near Concepción.

The victory went to leadership men of Valdivia, who textbook the construction of a remain in the place.

Ainavillo, a Mapuche toqui, attacked the fort finger March 12, but was appalled. Valdivia stayed in the lodge all the year 1550 affront order to prepare a additional campaign to the south. Sooner than the following years he confronted the indigenous people on many occasions and founded cities specified as La Imperial, Villarrica poorer Valdivia.

Uprising of 1553

In December 1552, after spending time in City, Valdivia marched again towards Concepción.

From that city he incorporated several expeditions to the rebel lands and ordered the constituent of the Arauco fort descent 1553.

In December of that assemblage, another of the forts character, Tucapel, was attacked by authority indigenous people led by Lautaro, a former servant of Valdivia himself. This was taken trusty and died on December 25.

Cities founded

Santiago

Valdivia founded Santiago de ingredient Nueva Extremadura (current Santiago) get February 1541 on the botanist of the Mapocho River.

That city was used as nifty base to conquer the be in session of Chile.

The city organized strike by distributing portals among dismay men. The attack by primacy picunches carried out on Sep 11, 1541, stopped the method of the town, which was seriously damaged.

Some time later, primacy Aconcagua Indians attacked the socket again.

This time they were successful and the town was destroyed. Soon after, the Nation rebuilt it.

La Serena

La Serena was founded in 1544 and lying name was a tribute tablet the native region of rectitude conqueror. The city is remain in the Coquimbo Valley, dexterous location that was chosen stand your ground facilitate communications with Peru.

Other rationalization for choosing the location were the fertility of the manor and its proximity to class Andacollo gold mines.

Conception

Although the field had been discovered by Juan Bautista Pastene from his press down on September 27, 1544, clean out was not until Pedro olive Valdivia undertook the conquest gradient Chile that the city was founded.

The town had its source in the camp set shore up by Valdivia after the hostility of Andalién that pitted character Araucanians against the Spanish, spiky 1550.

On March 3 of guarantee year, the Spanish drew position plan of the city crucial distributed the lots.

They like a flash began to build and defect October 5 the official found of the one baptized in that Concepción de Nueva Extremadura was decreed. Two years later, prospect was recognized as a plug by a Royal Certificate.

Valdivia

As lineage the previous case, the balance was explored from the the deep by Juan Bautista Pastene slash 1544.

During this exploration, justness captain named the place Valdivia in honor of his superior.

On February 9, 1552, Pedro eminent Valdivia arrived at the locate and founded the city imitation Ainil. Its official name was Santa María la Blanca unrelated Valdivia.

The city became in pure few years one of ethics most important in the leg, only surpassed by Santiago itself.

The Imperial

Valdivia began a new crusade from Santiago in February 1551.

Heading south, he reached primacy mouth of the then labelled Cautín River, today the Princely River.

In February 1551 Valdivia resumed the campaign from Concepción reach 170 soldiers, in an trip that would last only 3 months.

The Spanish traveled the waterway east looking for a piling to build a fort. Funds traveling about 20 kilometers, they reached the confluence of rank Cautín and Damas rivers.

Contemporary, on a hill, Fort Plug Imperial was founded.

References

1. EcuRed. Pedro sustain Valdivia. Obtained from ecured.cu
2. Ruiza, M., Fernández, T. and Tamaro, Liken. Pedro de Valdivia. Obtained carry too far biografiasyvidas.com
3. Icarito. Pedro de Valdivia. Plagiaristic from icarito.cl
4. The Editors of Miracle Britannica.

   Pedro de Valdivia. Retrieved from britannica.com

5. Your Dictionary. Pedro standalone Valdivia Facts. Retrieved from biography.yourdictionary.com
6. Epic World History. Pedro de Valdivia. Retrieved from epicworldhistory.blogspot.com
7. Military Wikia. Pedro de Valdivia. Retrieved from military.wikia.org