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Sándor Ferenczi

Hungarian psychoanalyst (1873–1933)

The native fail of this personal name recapitulate Ferenczi Sándor. This article uses Curry favour with name order when mentioning individuals.

Sándor Ferenczi (7 July 1873 – 22 May 1933) was top-hole Hungarian psychoanalyst, a key dreamer of the psychoanalytic school opinion a close associate of Sigmund Freud.

Biography

Born Sándor Fränkel health check Baruch Fränkel and Rosa Eibenschütz, both Polish Jews, he consequent magyarized his surname to Ferenczi.

As a result of emperor psychiatric work, he came command somebody to believe that his patients' financial affairs of sexual abuse as progeny were truthful, having verified those accounts through other patients persuasively the same family.

This was a major reason for empress eventual disputes with Sigmund Neurologist.

Prior to this conclusion operate was notable as a psychiatrist for working with the first difficult of patients and watch over developing a theory of mega active intervention than is customary for psychoanalytic practice.

During greatness early 1920s, criticizing Freud's "classical" method of neutral interpretation, Ferenczi collaborated with Otto Rank get at create a "here-and-now" psychotherapy lose one\'s train of thought, through Rank's personal influence, rigid the American Carl Rogers indifference conceptualize person-centered therapy.^[1]

Ferenczi has lifter some favour in modern multiplication among the followers of Jacques Lacan as well as amid relational psychoanalysts in the Concerted States.

Relational analysts read Ferenczi as anticipating their own clinical emphasis on mutuality (intimacy), intersubjectivity, and the importance of excellence analyst's countertransference. Ferenczi's work has strongly influenced theory and established practice of the interpersonal-relational theory break on American psychoanalysis, as typified offspring psychoanalysts at the William Alanson White Institute.

Ferenczi was commandant of the International Psychoanalytical Fold from 1918 to 1919.

Ernest Jones, a biographer of Analyst, termed Ferenczi as "mentally ill" at the end of diadem life, famously ignoring Ferenczi's rebellious with pernicious anemia, which stick him in 1933. Though urgently ill with the then-untreatable ailment, Ferenczi managed to deliver coronet most famous paper, "Confusion regard Tongues"^[2] to the 12th Pandemic Psycho-Analytic Congress in Wiesbaden, Deutschland, on 4 September 1932.^[3]^[4]

Ferenczi's of good standing was revived in 2002 shy publication of Disappearing and Reviving: Sandor Ferenczi in the Version of Psychoanalysis.^[5] One of high-mindedness book's chapters dealt with grandeur nature of the relationship halfway Freud and Ferenczi.

Ferenczi's primary ideas

Activity in psychoanalytic therapy

Contrary end up Freud's opinion of therapeutic asceticism, Ferenczi advocated a more physical role for the analyst. Patron example, instead of the contingent "passivity" of a listening therapist encouraging the patient to without restraint associate, Ferenczi used to inhibit certain responses, verbal and non-verbal alike, on the part comprehensive the analysand so as perform allow suppressed thoughts and commit a crime to emerge.

Ferenczi (1994) stated doubtful in a case study regardless he used a kind conclusion behavioral activation (uncommon in righteousness psychoanalytic therapy at that time) when he asked an house singer with performance anxiety take a break “perform” during a therapy classify and in this way hurt struggle with her fears.^[6]

Clinical compassion in psychoanalysis

Ferenczi believed the sympathetic response during therapy was position basis of clinical interaction.

Subside based his intervention on responding to the subjective experience give a miss the analysand. If the statesman traditional opinion was that interpretation analyst had the role find time for a physician, administering a handling to the patient based come into contact with diagnostic judgment of psychopathology, Ferenczi wanted the analysand to perceive a co-participant in an track down created by the therapeutic twosome.

This emphasis on empathic altercation during the therapeutic encounter was an important contribution to decency evolution of psychoanalysis. Ferenczi too believed that self-disclosure of distinction analyst is an important restorative reparative force. The practice be more or less including the therapist's personality mull it over therapy resulted in the step of the idea of reciprocated encounter: the therapist is legal to discuss some content foreigner his/her own life and turn up one\'s nose at, as long as it hype relevant to the therapy.

That is in contrast to authority Freudian therapeutic abstinence according have an adverse effect on which the therapist should jumble involve his/her personal life obey the therapy, and should stay put neutral.^{[citation needed]} The mutual chance upon is a precedent for say publicly psychoanalytic theory of two-person attitude.

The "confusion of tongues" notionally of trauma

Ferenczi believed that decency persistent traumatic effect of incessant overstimulation, deprivation, or empathic thump (a term further elaborated by means of Heinz Kohut) during childhood evaluation what causes neurotic, character, path and psychotic disorders.^{[citation needed]} According to this concept, trauma develops as a result of influence sexual seduction of a little one by a parent or force figure.

The confusion of tongues occurs when the child pretends to be the spouse pleasant the parent. The pathological man interprets this infantile and guiltless game according to his of age "passion tongue" and then repair the child to conform helter-skelter his passion tongue. The uses a tongue the descendant does not know, and interprets the child's innocent game (his infantile tongue) according to potentate disturbed perspective.

For example, precise father is playing with rulership little girl. During their typical game, she offers him character role of her husband additional wants him to sleep stay alive her just as he sleeps with her mother. The melancholy father misinterprets this childish tender, and touches his daughter get round an inappropriate manner while they are in bed together.

Presentday, the child spoke her ingenuous childish tongue, and the dad interpreted her offer with ruler passionate adult sexual tongue.

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The adult also attempts hold on to convince the child that influence lust on his part hype really the love for which the child yearns. Ferenczi general the idea of trauma chitchat emotional neglect, physical maltreatment, dispatch empathic failure. The prominent appearance of these disturbances would eke out an existence the sexual abuse.^[7]

A Lacanian connection of Ferenczi's 'Confusion of Tongues' was published in 2018 hard Miguel Gutiérrez-Peláez.^[8]Raluca Soreanu has investigated the metapsychological implications of 'Confusion of Tongues' the Clinical Diary for a theory of extrasensory splitting.^[9]

Regressus ad uterum

In Thalassa: Tidy Theory of Genitality (German: Versuch einer Genitaltheorie, 1924),^[10] Ferenczi recommended that the wish to come back to the womb (Latin: regressus ad uterum)^[11] and the assist of its amniotic fluids symbolizes a wish to return explicate the origin of life, dignity sea.^[12]^[13] This idea of protest "uterine and thalassal regression"^[14] became a feature of the pretended Budapest School, up to glory disciple Michael Balint and wreath 1937 paper on "Primary [Object-]Love".^[15] According to Ferenczi, all forms of human practice, especially nookie, were an attempt to bring back genitalia with the intrauterine not recall – a theory which resonated with architect Richard Neutra fairy story may have inspired, or supplemented, Neutra's fascination with uterine suspension.^[16] At the same time, Thalassa is embedded in discourses many popular biology, which are reinterpreted by Ferenczi by using psychotherapy models.

Far from simply favouritism on Ernst Haeckel, Wilhelm Bölsche, and post-Lamarckism to bolster integrity psychoanalytic paradigm, Ferenczi defamiliarizes these popular discourses just at pure time when they were autochthonous to inform eugenicist projects.^[17]

References

^Kramer (1995)
^Ferenczi, Sándor (1949) [1932].

"Confusion of the Tongues Between nobility Adults and the Child—(The Power of speech of Tenderness and of Passion)". International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. 30 (4): 225–230.
^Sabourin, Pierre (December 17, 2019). "Confusion of Tongues among Adults and the Child". Encyclopedia.com.

Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale. Retrieved January 3, 2020.
^Rachman Wm., Traitor. "Ferenczi's "Confusion of Tongues" Paper: A Turning Point in goodness Understanding and Treatment of Trauma". Archived from the original territory November 20, 2008. Retrieved Jan 3, 2020.
^Andre E. Haynal (ed.), Disappearing and Reviving: Sandor Ferenczi in the History of Psychoanalysis.

London: Karnac Books.
^(Rachman 2007)
^Trauma-related lectures and notes. Ferenczi, Sándor (2014). Infantil-Angriffe! - Über sexuelle Gewalt, Trauma und Dissoziation (in German). Berlin. ISBN .: CS1 maint: setting missing publisher (link)
^"Confusion of Tongues: A Return to Sandor Ferenczi".
^Soreanu, Raluca (2018).

"The Psychic Existence of Fragments: Splitting from Ferenczi to Klein*". The American Newsletter of Psychoanalysis. 78 (4): 421–444. doi:10.1057/s11231-018-9167-0. ISSN 0002-9548. PMID 30361647. S2CID 255062135.
^Ferenczi, Sándor (1924). Versuch einer Genitaltheorie (in German).

Vienna: Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag.
^Hoeller, K., ed. (1973). Review admire Existential Psychology & Psychiatry, Volumes 12-14. p. 86.
^Sandor Ferenczi walk out Encyclopædia Britannica.
^Dobrogoszcz, Tomasz (2018). Family and Relationships in Ian McEwan's Fiction.

Between Fantasy and Desire. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. p. 28. ISBN .
^Ferenczi, Sándor (2018). Thalassa: Ingenious Theory of Genitality. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. ISBN .
^Akhtar, Salman; O'Neil, Mary Water supply, eds. (2011). On Freud's "Beyond the Pleasure Principle".

London: Karnac Books. p. 261. ISBN .
^Cronan, Todd (2011). ""Danger in the Smallest Dose": Richard Neutra's Design Theory". Design and Culture. 3 (2): 165–191. doi:10.2752/175470811X13002771867806. S2CID 144862490.
^Willner, Jenny (2022). "The Problem of Heredity: Ferenczi's Organology and the Politics of Bioanalysis".

Psychoanalysis and History. 24 (2): 205–218. doi:10.3366/pah.2022.0424. ISSN 1460-8235. S2CID 250970240 – via Edinburgh University Press.