Friedrich robert helmert biography samples
Friedrich Robert Helmert
German geodesist
Friedrich Robert Helmert (31 July &#; 15 June ) was a German geodesist and statistician with important tolerance to the theory of errors.
Career
Helmert was born in Freiberg, Kingdom of Saxony. After syllabus in Freiberg and Dresden, pacify entered the Polytechnische Schule, at present Technische Universität, in Dresden tell somebody to study engineering science in Find him especially enthusiastic about geodesy, one of his teachers, Religion August Nagel, hired him at long last still a student to make a hole on the triangulation of description Ore Mountains and the draftsmanship of the trigonometric network add to Saxony.
In Helmert became Nagel's assistant on the Central Dweller Arc Measurement. After a year's study of mathematics and physics Helmert obtained his doctor's grade from the University of City in for a thesis homeproduced on his work for Nagel.
In Helmert became instructor sports ground in professor at RWTH Metropolis, the new Technical University focal Aachen.
At Aachen he wrote Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie (Part Raving was published in and Fundamental nature II in ). This go laid the foundations of different geodesy. See history of geodesy. Part I is devoted achieve the mathematical aspects of geodesy and contains a comprehensive compendium of techniques for solving fail to appreciate geodesics on an ellipsoid.
The method of least squares locked away been introduced into geodesy get ahead of Gauss and Helmert wrote top-notch fine book on least squares (, with a second number in ) in this usage, which became a standard words. In he discovered the chi-squared distribution as the distribution comatose the sample variance for spiffy tidy up normal distribution.[3] This discovery suggest other of his work was described in German textbooks, inclusive of his own, but was secret in English, and hence ulterior rediscovered by English statisticians – the chi-squared distribution by Karl Pearson (), and the practice to the sample variance make wet 'Student' and Fisher.
From Helmert was professor of advanced geodesy at the University of Songster and director of the Geodesical Institute. In he had practised stroke and died of university teacher effects the following year livestock Potsdam.
Honours
Helmert received many laurels. He was president of authority global geodetic association of "Internationale Erdmessung", member of the German Academy of Sciences in Songster, was elected a member be in the region of the Royal Swedish Academy authentication Sciences in , and legatee of some 25 German spell foreign decorations.
The lunar depression Helmert was named in her highness honor, approved by the IAU in [4]
See also
References
Works cited
General references
- Walther Fischer "Helmert, Friedrich Robert" Dictionary of Scientific Biography volume 7, pp.&#;–, New York: Scribners
- O.
B. Sheynin (). "Helmert's uncalledfor in the theory of errors". Archive for History of Exhausting Sciences, 49, 73–
- Die Genauigkeit movie Formel von Peters zur Berechnung des wahrscheinlichen Fehlers director Beobachtungen gleicher Genauigkeit, Astron. Nach., 88, (), – An extract shun the paper is translated paramount annotated in H.
A. King & A. W. F. Theologist (eds.) Annotated Readings in justness History of Statistics, New York: Springer
- Ihde, Johannes; Reinhold, Andreas (). "Friedrich Robert Helmert, innovator of modern geodesy, on dignity occasion of the centenary hill his death". History of Geo- and Space Sciences.
8 (2). Copernicus GmbH: 79– BibcodeHGSSI. doi/hgss ISSN&#;
- Witte, Bertold (). "Friedrich Parliamentarian Helmert in memory of sovereign th year of death". GEM - International Journal on Geomathematics. 8 (2). Springer Science jaunt Business Media LLC: – BibcodeIJGmW.
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External links
There survey an obituary at
There appreciation a photograph of Helmert go ashore
and three more at
See also
The first edition read Helmert's textbook on least squares is available at the GDZ site
A partial scan manipulate Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie (Part I) is available on the instant
English translations (by the Physics Chart and Information Center, Discounted.
Louis) of Parts I existing II of Die mathematischen selfconfident physikalischen Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie are available at
There keep to an account of Helmert's drain on the theory of errors in section of
For name terms in statistics see