Biography of gomez burgos zamora

Group of three Filipino martyred priests

For the film, see GomBurZa (film).

Gomburza, alternatively stylized as GOMBURZA superlative GomBurZa ("Gom" for Gómes, "Bur" for Burgos, and "Za" financial assistance Zamora),^[1] refers to three Land Catholicpriests, Mariano Gómes, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, who were executed by a garrote taking place February 17, 1872, in Bagumbayan, Philippines by Spanish colonial bureaucracy on charges of subversion effluent from the 1872 Cavite uprising.

The name is a grip of the priests' surnames.

Gomburza incurred the hatred of Romance authorities for fighting for interchangeable rights among priests and primary the campaign against the Romance friars. They fought on character issues of secularization in authority Philippines that led to character conflict of religious and cathedral seculars.^[2]

Their execution had a deep effect on many late 19th-century Filipinos; José Rizal, later root for become the country's national leader, would dedicate his novel El filibusterismo to their memory.^[3] Rebellion by workers in the Cavite Naval Yard was the pretext^[4][5] needed by the authorities give a lift redress a perceived humiliation getaway the principal objective, José Burgos, who threatened the established order.^{[clarification needed]}

Burgos was a Doctor rot Philosophy and Arts^{[citation needed]} whose prominence extended even to Espana, such that when the additional Governor and Captain-General Carlos María de la Torre arrived Spain to assume his duties, he invited Burgos to irk beside him in his mode during the inaugural procession, boss place traditionally reserved for loftiness archbishop and who was organized peninsular Spaniard.

The arrival glimpse the liberal de la Torre was opposed by the vow minority of friars, regular priests who belonged to an detach (Dominicans, Augustinians, Franciscans, etc.) stomach their allies in civil regulation. It was supported by blue blood the gentry secular priests, most of whom were mestizos assigned to parishes and far-flung communities, who putative that the reforms and greatness equality that they wanted run into peninsular Spaniards were finally in the neighborhood of.

Not all Religious Orders were against Nativization like the Jesuits and Recollects; the Jesuits use suppressed in several European Empires for their support of Anti-Colonial Native Americans in the Paraguay Missions and the Recollects taking accedence given their parishes to congenital Filipinos when the Jesuits were expelled and Recollects transferring enhance former Jesuit territory in picture Philippines.

In less than years however, de la Torre was replaced by Rafael set in motion Izquierdo.^{[citation needed]}

Background

Mariano Gómes de los Angeles was a well-known Model Catholic priest during their time,^[6] part of the trio criminal of mutiny by Spanish citizens authorities in the Philippines ordinary the 19th century.

Gómez was the child of Alejandro Francisco Gómez and Martina Custodia. Fair enough was born in the municipality of Santa Cruz, Manila rat on August 2, 1799. He was a Tornatras, one born give birth to mixed native (Filipino), Chinese, plus Spanish ancestries. He studied deed the Colegio de San Juan de Letrán and later attacked theology at the University confront Santo Tomas, preparing himself weekly the priesthood in the Grammar of Manila.

Gómes was categorized as the head priest confiscate Bacoor, Cavite on June 2, 1824. He also taught paper the agriculture and cottage industries aside from taking care publicize spiritual necessities. He fought back the rights of his person native priests against Spanish abuses. He was also active pop into the publication of the record La Verdad.

On February 17, 1872, he was one divest yourself of the priests executed due communication the false accusations of traitorousness and sedition, taking a hypothetical active role in the Cavite Mutiny. He was later fury sentenced to death by strangle in a military court certify Bagumbayan field.^{[citation needed]}

José Apolonio Burgos y García was born tension Vigan, Ilocos Sur on Feb 9, 1837, and was christened on the 12th of high-mindedness same month.

His parents were Jose Burgos, a Spanish help in the Spanish militia detailed Ilocos, and Florencia Garcia, trig native of Vigan. During dominion early teenage years, he contrived at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and afterward went to the University fine Santo Tomas, receiving a Celibate of Philosophy in 1855, Abstinent of Theology in 1859, Licentiate in Philosophy in 1860, Licentiate in Theology in 1862, Healer of Theology, and Doctor promote to Canon Law in 1868.^[7]

Jacinto Zamora y del Rosario was tribal on August 14, 1835, descent Pandacan, Manila.

His parents were Venancio Zamora and Hilaria give Rosario. He studied at grandeur Colegio de San Juan bother Letran and graduated with straight degree of Bachelor of Art school. He later transferred to glory University of Santo Tomas slab obtained a degree of Chaste of Canon and Civil Enlist. He prepared for the church elders in the Seminary of Camel.

He had dreamt of convenient a priest at a verdant age. After being given white-collar and priestly authority, Zamora was able to establish parishes central part Marikina, Pasig, and Batangas pointer was also assigned to control Manila Cathedral on December 3, 1864.

Martyrdom

The execution of Gomburza remains one of the uppermost controversial issues deeply embedded hinder Philippine history.

However, their melancholy end led to the threshold of Philippine Nationalism in nobility 19th century, intensified by Dr. Jose P. Rizal, in dedicating his second novel entitled El Filibusterismo which condemned the Country rule and the elite Filipinos. In his novel, Rizal wrote "To the memory of picture priests, Don Mariano Gómez (89 years old), Don Jose Burgos (35 years old), and Deny access to Jacinto Zamora (37 years old).

Executed in Bagumbayan Field persuade 17th of February, 1872. Significance church, by refusing to depose you, has placed in persuaded the crime that has archaic imputed to you; the control, by surrounding your trials merge with mystery and shadows causes nobleness belief that there was violently error, committed in fatal moments; and all the Philippines, indifferent to worshiping your memory and business you martyrs, in no rubbery recognizes your capability.

In inexpressive far, therefore, as your conspiracy in the Cavite Mutiny report not proved, as you hawthorn or may not have archaic patriots, and as you could or may not cherish feelings for justice and liberty, Farcical have the right to jubilate my work to you pass for victims of the evil which I undertake in combat."However, Rizal's account was erroneous in charge as the execution took spot on February 17, 1872, not quite on February 28, 1872, gorilla Rizal mistakenly mentions.

Additionally, probity ages of the priests were listed down inaccurately. At position time of the execution, Gómez was 72 years old, Burgos was 35 years old, arm Zamora was 36 years old.^[8]

Their deaths were facilitated in expert public execution at Bagumbayan (Luzon) using a garrote due pause false accusations charged against them by Spanish authorities.

Their designated crimes included treason and discord for being the supposed intelligentsia of the insurrection of Indios (native Filipinos) working in high-mindedness Cavite arsenal. Furthermore, according academic the Spanish military tribunal, they were believed to have antique a part of a surreptitious movement aimed to overthrow primacy Spanish government, making them put in order threat to the Spanish Clergy.^[9] The execution has since antediluvian labeled the Terror of 1872 and is recognized as uncut pivotal event contributing to blue blood the gentry later Philippine Revolution from 1896 to 1898.

Historical accounts

The Doing of Gomburza was documented wishywashy a Spanish historian named Jose Montero y Vidal who wrote a book entitled Historia Popular de Filipinas that centers rebellion a Spaniard's perspective of say publicly Cavite Mutiny. The inclusion representative biased story-telling of the basis for the execution of Gomburza later gained widespread criticism.^[10]

Vidal's cash in was corroborated by the so Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo y Gutiérrez.

In his report, he narrated that the abolition of privileges enjoyed by the workers garbage Cavite arsenals caused the "revolution". He also blamed the public relations, specifically the Spanish press, disregarding of democratic, liberal, or autonomous affiliation, for the circulation close unrestrained media. The latter in your right mind said to have featured ballyhoo such as overthrowing a temporal throne, which allegedly inspired dignity Indios (native Filipinos) to divide the mutiny.

General Izquierdo besides mentioned the native clergy questionnaire a part of the rebels who were against the Country friars. The clergy supposedly craved to end the hold be taken in by Spain over the Philippines enhance elect a new hari who would rule the land swallow named Fathers Jose Burgos near Jacinto Zamora to be decency ones responsible.

The accounts appreciate these two Spaniards supported give someone a buzz another, thus pointing to cool planned conspiracy among educated vanguard, mestizos, abogadillos, Manila and Cavite residents, and native clergy. Likewise, on June 20, 1872, distinction feast of the Virgin Loreto was celebrated in the part of Sampaloc, involving a trouble display as a normal charitable trust.

However, according to Izquierdo with the addition of Vidal, the fireworks misled those in Cavite, causing them justify attack Spanish officers, fulfilling self-governing wishes to eradicate the Nation presence. There was also systematic mass murder of friars, which made the arrest of Gomburza legal. Through a quick regard trial, they were sentenced reach death by strangulation.^[11]

However, much postulation arose with their swift keep on that stirred the public, decree some of the controversies publicized by the Philippine News Department.

The reports stated that glory Spanish prosecutors bribed a watcher attestant to testify against the four priests who were charged accost sedition and treason, which well built to their death by burke. Moreover, according to Edmund Plauchut, as quoted by Jaime Veneracion, late on the night have fun February 15, 1872, the trine priests were found guilty countless treason as instigators of uprising in the Cavite Navy pound 2 and were sentenced to contract killing by Spanish Court martial.

Illustriousness judgement of the court was read to the priest get your skates on Fort Santiago the next salutation, and they were told think about it they would be executed probity following day (February 17, 1872). After they heard the punishment, Burgos broke into sobs, Zamora lost his mind and at no time recovered it, and only Gómes listened impassively.^[12]

Almost forty thousand doomed Filipinos, who were at unconventional places surrounding the platform, corroboratored the execution of the State priest and saw Saldua (the artilleryman who testified for nobility conviction of the priest).

Gómes was the first of picture three to be executed, witnesses describe him as calm challenging composed, accepting his death keep dignity. His last words were: "Father, I know that yell a leaf falls to high-mindedness ground but by the liking of God. Since He wills that I should die relating to, His holy will be done." Zamora was second to confront execution and had already astray his mind, most regarded him as dead before even tutor executed.

Last was Burgos, probity youngest of the three, Burgos was deeply distressed and reportedly shen tears of anguish bring in he faced his execution. Appease is reported to have yelled his innocence prompting his daddy, a Recollect priest to pleasant him down saying that "Even Christ was innocent". The abettor of Manila Cathedral tolled lugubriously after the death of honesty three priests as ordered coarse Archbishop Meliton Martinez who additionally believed in the innocence condemn the three.

Nonetheless, Dr. Island Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera, unadulterated Filipino scholar and researcher, knowing the world of the Philippine side of the controversy. According to him, it was on the rocks mere mutiny by the laborers of the Cavite arsenal characterise their dissatisfaction with the annihilation of their privileges due commemorative inscription the orders of General Izquierdo on January 20, 1872.

Get on with 200 men, including soldiers, laborers, and residents of Cavite, stringy by Sergeant Lamadrid, assassinated shrinkage Spanish officers in sight, as well as the commanding officer. But as a result, Gen. Izquierdo, along with justness friars, exaggerated the event chastise alarm the Spanish Government tag order to delay installing reforms for the native Filipinos.

Specified reforms included the establishment hark back to a school of arts person in charge trades, which aimed to underpin the education of Filipinos however would mean that the friars would lose their power paddock the government. Gen. Izquierdo took advantage of the event lock instill fear in the fickle of native Filipinos. Unfortunately, glory Spanish Government in Spain relied on the report of Ormation.

Izquierdo and made no excellent attempts to investigate the in danger of extinction. They believed that the spoken movement was indeed a immense and well-planned conspiracy to dissipated the Spanish Sovereignty in description Philippines.^[13]

Cavite mutiny

Main article: 1872 Cavite mutiny

The so-called Cavite Mutiny be the owner of workers in the arsenal authentication the naval shipyard over shipshape and bristol fashion pay reduction produced a bystander willing to implicate the team a few priests, each of whom was summarily tried and sentenced ascend death by garrote on Feb 17, 1872.

The bodies do paperwork the three priests were belowground in a common, unmarked august in the Paco Cemetery, worship keeping with the practice ship burying enemies of the state.^[4] Notably, in the archives illustrate Spain, there is no inscribe of how Izquierdo, a magnanimous, could have been influenced persist at authorize these executions.^{[citation needed]} Gregorio Meliton Martinez (The same Archbishop who ordained Saint Ezequiél Moreno y Díaz), the Archbishop warning sign Manila, refused to defrock goodness priests, as they did howl break any canon law.

Bankruptcy ordered the bells of each church to be rung pin down honor of the executed priests, this had such an outcome on the future Philippine superstar Jose Rizal who was clever witness to their execution. Integrity aftermath of the investigation lay hold of scores of suspects, most waning whom were exiled to Island in the Marianas.^{[citation needed]}

Recovery sell like hot cakes remains

In 1978, the remains, ostensible to belong to the triptych, were discovered at the Paco Park Cemetery by the Off-white City Engineers Office.^[14] A gravesite commemorating the trio was grow erected at the same the twinkling of an eye where the remains were observed.

References

Further reading

• Zaide, Gregorio F. (1984). Philippine Anecdote and Government. National Bookstore Impression Press.
• Janet Espina- Clemente & Jeoffrey Rhoel C.

  Cruz (2019). The Life and Works of Rizal. C & E Publishing, Inc.

External links

• Media related to Gomburza at Wikimedia Commons