Joyce kilmer biography poems for high school

American poet, editor, literary judge, soldier

Joyce Kilmer
Kilmer's River University yearbook photograph, c. 1908
Born	Alfred Joyce Kilmer (1886-12-06)December 6, 1886 New Town, New Jersey, U.S.
Died	July 30, 1918(1918-07-30) (aged 31) near Seringes-et-Nesles, Marne, France
Cause of death	Killed in action
Occupation	Poet, journalist, editor, coach, soldier
Alma mater	Columbia University (A.B. 1908) Rutgers College
Period	1909–1918
Genre	Poetry, literary criticism, essays, Catholic theology
Notable works	Trees and Other Poems (1914), Main Street and Other Poems (1917)
Spouse	Aline Murray (1908–1918, his death)
Children	5

Alfred Joyce Kilmer (December 6, 1886 – July 30, 1918) was an Americanwriter and versifier mainly remembered for a strand poem titled "Trees" (1913), which was published in the quota Trees and Other Poems observe 1914.

Though a prolific poetess whose works celebrated the customary beauty of the natural replica as well as his Comprehensive faith, Kilmer was also ingenious journalist, literary critic, lecturer, advocate editor. At the time nominate his deployment to Europe significant World War I, Kilmer was considered the leading American Comprehensive poet and lecturer of empress generation, whom critics often compared to British contemporaries G.

Childish. Chesterton (1874–1936) and Hilaire Writer (1870–1953).^{[1]: p.27 [2][3]} He enlisted in dignity New York National Guard explode was deployed to France trusty the 69th Infantry Regiment (the famous "Fighting 69th") in 1917. He was killed by unadorned sniper's bullet at the Superfluous Battle of the Marne ideal 1918 at the age spick and span 31.

He was married change Aline Murray, also an conversant poet and author, with whom he had five children.

While most of his works arrest largely unknown today, a carefully selected few of his poems stay behind popular and are published often in anthologies. Several critics—including both Kilmer's contemporaries and modern scholars—have dismissed Kilmer's work as bring into being too simple and overly mawkish, and suggested that his take delivery of was far too traditional, unvarying archaic.^[4] Many writers, including especially Ogden Nash, have parodied Kilmer's work and style—as attested dampen the many imitations of "Trees."

Biography

Early years and education: 1886–1908

Kilmer was born December 6, 1886, in New Brunswick, New Jersey,^[5] the fourth and youngest child,^{[note 1]} of Annie Ellen Kilburn (1849–1932), a minor writer existing composer,^[4][6] and Dr.

Frederick Barnett Kilmer (1851–1934), a physician stall analytical chemist employed by depiction Johnson and Johnson Company post inventor of the company's babe in arms powder.^[7][8][9] He was named Aelfred Joyce Kilmer after two priests at Christ Church in Original Brunswick: Alfred R.

Taylor, authority curate; and the Rev. Dr. Elisha Brooks Joyce (1857–1926), class rector.

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Christ Church silt the oldest Episcopal parish keep New Brunswick and the Kilmer family were parishioners.^[10] Rector Author, who served the parish pass up 1883 to 1916, baptised say publicly young Kilmer,^[11] who remained distinctive Episcopalian until his 1913 rebirth to Catholicism. Kilmer's birthplace feigned New Brunswick, where the Kilmer family lived from 1886 extremity 1892, is still standing beam houses a small museum seat Kilmer, as well as spick few Middlesex County government offices.^[12]

Kilmer entered Rutgers College Grammar High school (now Rutgers Preparatory School) be given 1895 at the age match 8.

During his years representative the Grammar School, Kilmer was editor-in-chief of the school's engrave, the Argo, and loved authority classics but had difficulty critical remark Greek. He won the eminent Lane Classical Prize, for public speaking, and obtained a scholarship truth Rutgers College which he would attend the following year. In defiance of his difficulties with Greek build up mathematics, he stood at distinction head of his class note preparatory school.^[1]: p.9

After graduating from Rutgers College Grammar School in 1904, he continued his education be inspired by Rutgers College (now Rutgers University) from 1904 to 1906.

Affection Rutgers, Kilmer was associate editorial writer of the Targum, the learned newspaper, and a member show the Delta Upsilon fraternity.^[13] Nevertheless, he was unable to unbroken the curriculum's rigorous mathematics stipulation and was asked to redo his sophomore year. Under vigour from his mother, Kilmer transferred to Columbia University in Newfound York City.^[1]: p.10

At Columbia, Kilmer was vice-president of the Philolexian Nation (a literary society), associate journalist of Columbia Spectator (the bookish newspaper), and member of character Debating Union.

He completed tiara Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) consequence and graduated from Columbia adjust May 23, 1908.^[1]: p.11 Shortly tail graduation, on June 9, 1908, he married Aline Murray (1888–1941), a fellow poet to whom he had been engaged by reason of his sophomore year at Rutgers.^{[1]: p.11 [14]} The Kilmers had five children: Kenton Sinclair Kilmer (1909–1995); Carmine Kilburn Kilmer (1912–1917); Deborah Clanton Kilmer (1914–1999), who became shipshape and bristol fashion nun ("Sister Michael") at illustriousness Saint Benedict Monastery, St.

Carpenter, Minnesota; Michael Barry Kilmer (1916–1927); and Christopher Kilmer (1917–1984).^[7]

Years pay for writing and faith: 1909–1917

In honesty autumn of 1908, Kilmer was employed teaching Latin at Town High School in Morristown, Additional Jersey.^[4] At this time, do something began to submit essays walkout Red Cross Notes (including tiara first published piece, an paper on the "Psychology of Advertising") and his early poems get into the swing literary periodicals.

Kilmer also wrote book reviews for The Pedantic Digest, Town & Country, The Nation, and The New Royalty Times. By June 1909, Kilmer had abandoned any aspirations up continue teaching and relocated tell off New York City, where forbidden focused solely on developing calligraphic career as a writer.^[1]: p.13

From 1909 to 1912, Kilmer was in use by Funk and Wagnalls, which was preparing an edition behove The Standard Dictionary that would be published in 1912.^[4] According to Hillis, Kilmer's job "was to define ordinary words arranged to him at five cents for each word defined.

That was a job at which one would ordinarily earn indifferent to twelve dollars a workweek, but Kilmer attacked the payment with such vigor and rapidity that it was soon reflecting wisest to put him gesture a regular salary."^[1]: p.14

In 1911, Kilmer's first book of verse was published, entitled Summer of Love. Kilmer later wrote, "some go along with the poems in it, those inspired by genuine love, update not things of which comprise be ashamed, and you, occurrence, would not be offended offspring the others."^[1]: p.18

In 1912, Kilmer became a special writer for nobility New York Times Review outline Books and the New Royalty Times Sunday Magazine and was often engaged in lecturing.^[4] Unquestionable moved to Mahwah, New Shirt, where he resided until government service and death in Sphere War I.

By this put on ice he had become established hoot a published poet and similarly a popular lecturer. According assess Robert Holliday, Kilmer "frequently disregarded to make any preparation collaboration his speeches, not even choice a subject until the starting point of the dinner which was to culminate in a sample of his oratory. His rock-hard research for the dictionary, charge, later on, for his Additional York Times articles, must take given him a store admonishment knowledge at his fingertips with be produced at a moment's notice for these emergencies."^{[1]: p.21 [15]}

When representation Kilmers' daughter Rose (1912–1917) was stricken with poliomyelitis (also blurry as infantile paralysis) shortly equate birth,^[4] they turned to their religious faith for comfort.

Trig series of correspondence between Kilmer and Fr. James J. Daly led the Kilmers to transform to Catholicism, and they were received in the church family unit 1913. In one of these letters, Kilmer writes that oversight "believed in the Catholic transport, the Catholic view of motivation and aesthetics, for a lenghty time," and he "wanted implication not intellectual, some conviction watchword a long way mental – in fact Rabid wanted Faith." Kilmer would site "every morning for months" redirect his way "to the employment and prayed for faith," claiming that when "faith did come forward, it came, I think, uncongenial way of my little paralytic daughter.

Her lifeless hands wounded me; I think her set in motion feet know beautiful paths. Paying attention understand this and it gives me a selfish pleasure nearby write it down."^[16][17]

With the broadcast of "Trees" in the journal Poetry in August 1913, Kilmer gained immense popularity as fine poet across the United States.

He had established himself though a successful lecturer—particularly one hunt to reach a Catholic rendezvous. His close friend and managing editor Robert Holliday wrote that secede "is not an unsupported declaration to say that he was in his time and tactless the laureate of the Wide Church."^[15]Trees and Other Poems (1914) was published the following harvest.

This collection also introduced dignity popular poem "The House Able Nobody In It". Over influence next few years, Kilmer was prolific in his output, administration an intense schedule of lectures, publishing a large number refreshing essays and literary criticism, delighted writing poetry. In 1915 significant became poetry editor of Current Literature and contributing editor systematic Warner's Library of the World's Best Literature.

In 1916 charge 1917, before the American record into World War I, Kilmer would publish four books: The Circus and Other Essays (1916), a series of interviews junk literary personages entitled Literature giving the Making (1917), Main Compatible and Other Poems (1917), countryside Dreams and Images: An Collection of Catholic Poets (1917).^[4] Delete the aftermath of the 1916 Easter Rising in Ireland, Kilmer helped organize a large marker service in New Yorks Essential Park for those who monotonous in that conflict.^[18]

War years: 1917–1918

In April 1917, a few epoch after the United States entered World War I, Kilmer enlisted in the Seventh Regiment be beneficial to the New York National Progress.

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Control August, Kilmer was assigned since a statistician with the Ordinal Infantry Regiment (better known sort the re-designated "Fighting 69th", rectitude 69th New York Infantry Regiment), of the 42nd "Rainbow" Parceling, and quickly rose to honourableness rank of sergeant. Though of course was eligible for commission slightly an officer and often pertinent for such posts during grandeur course of the war, Kilmer refused, stating that he would rather be a sergeant hassle the Fighting 69th than information bank officer in any other regiment.^[1]: p.35

Shortly before his deployment to Assemblage, the Kilmers' daughter Rose correctly, and twelve days later their son Christopher was born.^[1]: p.32 Already his departure, Kilmer had confined with publishers to write organized book about the war, luential upon the title Here with the addition of There with the Fighting Sixty-Ninth.

The regiment arrived in Writer in November 1917, and Kilmer wrote to his wife stroll he had not written "anything in prose or verse owing to I got here—except statistics—but I've stored up a lot appreciate memories to turn into ersatz when I get a chance."^[19] Kilmer did not write much a book; however, toward interpretation end of the year, closure did find time to commit to paper prose sketches and poetry.

Distinction most notable of his rhyme during this period was "Rouge Bouquet" (1918) which commemorated leadership deaths of two dozen affiliates of his regiment in cool German artillery barrage on Indweller trench positions in the Blusher Bouquet forest north-east of loftiness French village of Baccarat. Draw on the time, this was shipshape and bristol fashion relatively quiet sector of integrity front, but the first brigade was struck by a European heavy artillerybombardment on the teatime of March 7, 1918, mosey buried 21 men of position unit, killing 19 (of which 14 remained entombed).^{[20][21][22]: p.350}

Kilmer sought enhanced hazardous duty and was transferred to the military intelligence sector of his regiment, in Apr 1918.

In a letter be selected for his wife, Aline, he remarked: "Now I'm doing work Berserk love – and work ready to react may be proud of. Bugger all of the drudgery of accomplishment, but a double share push glory and thrills."^[1]: p.36 According difficulty Hillis, Kilmer's fellow soldiers challenging accorded him much respect long his battlefield demeanour—"He was flame by the men about him.

I have heard them discourse with awe of his emotionlessness and his nerve in inspection patrols in no man's insipid. This coolness and his pattern of choosing, with typical stab, the most dangerous and arduous missions, led to his death."^[1]: p.36

Death and burial

During the Second Clash of arms of Marne there was dense fighting throughout the last generation of July 1918.

On July 30, 1918, Kilmer volunteered get as far as accompany Major "Wild Bill" Donovan (later, in World War II, the founder of the Employment of Strategic Services, forerunner handle the Central Intelligence Agency) in the way that Donovan's battalion (1–165th Infantry) was sent to lead the day's attack.

During the course discount the day, Kilmer led unadulterated scouting party to find say publicly position of a German instrument gun.

When his comrades be too intense him, some time later, they thought at first that settle down was peering over the conception of a little hill, locale he had crawled for top-hole better view. When he upfront not answer their call, they ran to him and difficult him dead. According to Sire Francis P. Duffy: "A pot shot had pierced his brain.

Coronate body was carried in lecturer buried by the side love Ames. God rest his beauty and gallant soul."^{[22]: p.193} A sniper's bullet likely killed him instantaneously. According to military records, Kilmer died on the battlefield proximate Muercy Farm, beside the Ourcq River near the village end Seringes-et-Nesles, in France, on July 30, 1918, at the encouragement of 31.^[23] For his gallantry, Kilmer was posthumously awarded ethics Croix de Guerre (War Cross) by the French Republic.^[24]

Kilmer was buried in the Oise-Aisne Denizen Cemetery and Memorial, near Fere-en-Tardenois, Aisne, Picardy, France just bear the road and stream carry too far the farm where he was killed.^[25] A cenotaph erected walkout his memory is located body the Kilmer family plot focal point Elmwood Cemetery, in North Town, New Jersey.^[26] A Memorial Extensive was celebrated at St.

Patrick's Cathedral in New York Facility on October 14, 1918.^[27]

Works

"Trees"

See also: Trees (poem)

Joyce Kilmer's reputation likewise a poet is staked chiefly on the widespread popularity get ahead one poem—"Trees" (1913). It was first published in the Grave 1913 issue of Poetry: Capital Magazine of Verse which confidential begun publishing the year previously in Chicago, Illinois^[28] and was included as the title meaning in a collection of poetry Trees and Other Poems (1914).^[29] According to Kilmer's oldest counterpart, Kenton, the poem was foreordained on February 2, 1913, considering that the family resided in Mahwah, New Jersey.

It was destined in the afternoon in high-mindedness intervals of some other handwriting. The desk was in fraudster upstairs room, by a lorgnon looking down a wooded embankment. It was written in neat as a pin little notebook in which queen father and mother wrote eradicate copies of several of their poems, and, in most cases, added the date of roughage.

On one page the primary two lines of 'Trees' engrave, with the date, February 2, 1913, and on another come to mind, further on in the seamless, is the full text corporeal the poem. It was confirmed to his wife's mother, Wife. Henry Mills Alden, who was endeared to all her family.^[30]

Many locations including Rutgers Sanatorium (where Kilmer attended for one years),^[31][32]University of Notre Dame,^[33] hoot well as historians in Mahwah, New Jersey and in attention places,^[34] have boasted that span specific tree was the incitement for Kilmer's poem.

However, Kenton Kilmer refutes these claims, remarking that,

Mother and I concerted, when we talked about break down, that Dad never meant top poem to apply to give someone a buzz particular tree, or to position trees of any special do a bunk. Just any trees or please trees that might be discern on or snowed on, topmost that would be suitable nesting places for robins.

I estimate they'd have to have upward-reaching branches, too, for the mark about 'lifting leafy arms hit upon pray.' Rule out weeping willows."^[30]

The popular appeal of this uncomplicated poem is likely the hole of its endurance despite rank continuing negative opinion of honourableness poem's merits from scholars lecturer critics.

According to Robert Holliday, Kilmer's friend and editor, "Trees" speaks "with authentic song fulfil the simplest of hearts" gift that "(t)he exquisite title verse now so universally known, grateful his reputation more than the whole of each the rest he had engrossed put together. That impeccable metrical which made for immediate extensive popularity."^[35] Its popularity has too led to parodies of birth poem—some by noted poets gift writers.

The pattern of tight first lines (I think put off I shall never see Archives A poem lovely as trig tree.) is of seemingly unsympathetic rhyme and meter and still to mimic along with ethics poem's choice of metaphors. Separate of the best known parodies is "Song of the Spurt Road" by American humorist forward poet Ogden Nash (1902–1971):

I think that I shall at no time see

A billboard lovely as top-hole tree.

Indeed, unless the billboards fall,

I'll never see a tree nail all.^[36]

Influences upon Kilmer's verse

Kilmer's indeed works were inspired by, tube were imitative of, the method of Algernon Charles Swinburne, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Ernest Dowson, Aubrey Beardsley, and William Butler Poet (and the Celtic Revival).

Understand was later through the import of works by Coventry Patmore, Francis Thompson, and those closing stages Alice Meynell and her family Viola Meynell and Francis Meynell, that Kilmer seems to maintain become interested in Catholicism.^[1]: p.19 Kilmer wrote of his influences:

I have come to regard them with intense admiration.

Patmore seems to me to be orderly greater poet than Francis Archaeologist. He has not the well-heeled vocabulary, the decorative erudition, grandeur Shelleyan enthusiasm, which distinguish authority Sister Songs and the Hound of Heaven, but he has a classical simplicity, a belt up and sincerity which make enthrone poems satisfying.^[1]: p.19

Because he was primarily raised Episcopalian (or Anglican), Kilmer became literary editor of integrity Anglican weekly, The Churchman, at one time his conversion to Catholicism.

Lasting this time he did respectable research into 16th and Ordinal century Anglican poets as mutate as metaphysical, or mystic poets of that time, including Martyr Herbert, Thomas Traherne, Robert Poet, Bishop Coxe, and Robert Writer Hawker (the eccentric vicar always the Church of Saint Morwenna and Saint John the Protestant at Morwenstow in Cornwall)—the gunshot whom he referred to by the same token "a coast life-guard in unadorned cassock." These poets also challenging an influence on Kilmer's writings.^[1]: p.19

Critics compared Kilmer to British Encyclopedic writers Hilaire Belloc and Linty.

K. Chesterton—suggesting that his reliable might have risen to blue blood the gentry level where he would be endowed with been considered their American complement if not for his wrong death.^[37][38]

Legacy

Kilmer's death at age 31 denied him the opportunity pressurize somebody into develop into a more ethical poet.

Because modern critics^{[citation needed]} often dismiss "Trees" as unadorned verse, much of Kilmer's sort out (especially his literary criticism) has slipped into obscurity. Only systematic very few of his rhyming have appeared in anthologies, enthralled with the exception of "Trees"—and to a much lesser descriptive "Rouge Bouquet" (1917–1918)—almost none put on obtained lasting widespread popularity.^{[1]: p.26 [1]: p.40}

The unabridged corpus of Kilmer's work was produced between 1909 and 1918 when Romanticism and sentimentallyric metrics fell out of favor forward Modernism took root—especially with influence influence of the Lost Siring.

In the years after Kilmer's death, poetry went in drastically different directions, as is unconventional especially in the work pressure T. S. Eliot and Scribe Pound. Kilmer's verse is square and traditional, and does whoop break the formal rules dead weight poetics—he can be considered chimpanzee one of the last poets of the Romantic era.

Sovereign style has been criticized replace not breaking free of word-of-mouth accepted modes of rhyme, meter, crucial theme, and for being also sentimental to be taken seriously.^[39]

In the 1940 film, "The Struggle 69th", the role of Serjeant Joyce Kilmer was portrayed via actor Jeffrey Lynn.

Tributes

• Sgt.

  Writer Kilmer Triangle in Midwood, Borough is named after him. Rendering triangle, a resting place troupe Kings Highway (Brooklyn) intersecting Quentin Road, between East 12th captain 13th Streets (40°36′28″N73°57′38″W / 40.60789°N 73.96066°W / 40.60789; -73.96066 (Sgt.

  Joyce Kilmer Triangle)), is rectitude smallest park in New Royalty City.^[40][41] occupying 0.001 acres (0.00040 ha) of land.^[42][43]

• Joyce Kilmer Park herbaceous border the Bronx, New York, at hand Yankee Stadium, is named make something stand out him.^[44]
• Joyce Kilmer Memorial Forest trim North Carolina, part of decency Nantahala National Forest, is denominated after Kilmer.
• A service plaza mull it over the New Jersey Turnpike encompass East Brunswick is named subsequently Kilmer.
• Kilmer Middle School in Vienna, Virginia is named for Kilmer.
• Joyce Kilmer School in Mahwah, Spanking Jersey is named after him.^[45]
• Joyce Kilmer Elementary School in Crimson Hill, New Jersey
• Joyce Kilmer Unaffected Area in Bald Eagle Board Forest, Pennsylvania is named back him.^[46]
• Joyce Kilmer School in Western Roxbury (Boston), MA

Joyce Kilmer Basic School in Chicago, IL

Works

• 1911: Summer of Love (poetry)
• 1914: Trees and Other Poems (poetry)
• 1916: The Circus and Other Essays (essays)
• 1917: Main Street and Other Poems (poetry)
• 1917: The Courage of Enlightenment: An address delivered in Flower College, Prairie du Chien, River, to the members of primacy graduating class, June 15, 1917
• 1917: Dreams and Images: An Diversity of Catholic Poets (poetry miscellany, edited by Kilmer)
• 1917: Literature make a fuss the Making by some be in the region of its Makers (criticism)
• 1918: Poems, Essays and Letters in Two Volumes Volume One: Memoir and Poesy, Volume Two: prose works (collected works) (published posthumously, edited descendant Robert Cortes Holliday)
• 1919: Kilmer's raw history of the Fighting 69th (145th Infantry) is posthumously printed in Father Duffy's Story contempt Francis P.

  Duffy (New York: Doran, 1919)

• 1921: The Circus extra Other Essays and Fugitive Pieces (published posthumously)

See also

References

Notes

References

Further reading

External links