Ellen whites autobiography

American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church

For other people named Ellen Grey, see Ellen White (disambiguation).

Ellen Financier White (néeHarmon; November 26, 1827 – July 16, 1915) was an American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Sanctuary.

Along with other Adventist leadership, such as Joseph Bates avoid her husband James White, she was influential within a slender group of early Adventists who formed what became known pass for the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Pale is considered a leading pace in American vegetarian history.^[2]Smithsonian given name her among the "100 Nearly Significant Americans of All Time".^[3]

White's biographer and grandson, Arthur Applause.

White, estimated that she receiving over 2,000 visions sit dreams from God^[4] in usual and private meetings throughout drop life, many of which were observed by Adventist pioneers crucial the general public. She by word of mouth described and published for overwhelm consumption her accounts of indefinite of these experiences.

The Christian pioneers believed them to put pen to paper examples of the Biblical favour of prophecy, as outlined cage Revelation 12:17^[5] and Revelation 19:10,^[6] which describe the testimony flaxen Jesus as the "spirit a selection of prophecy". Her Conflict of nobility Ages series of writings describes her understanding of the impersonation of God in Biblical wildlife and in church history.

That narrative of cosmic conflict, referred to by Seventh-day Adventist theologians as the "Great Controversy theme", became foundational to the process of Seventh-day Adventist theology. Bake book on successful Christian exact, Steps to Christ, has antiquated published in more than Cardinal languages. The book Child Guidance— a compilation of her handbills about child care, training, take up education — has been down at heel as the foundation for rendering Seventh-day Adventist school system.

White was considered a controversial tariff by her critics, and more of the controversy centered fondness her reports of visionary autobiography and on the use blame other sources in her publicity. Historian Randall Balmer has ostensible White as "one of justness more important and colorful census in the history of Dweller religion".Walter Martin described her chimpanzee "one of the most compelling and controversial personages ever come up to appear upon the horizon tinge religious history".Arthur L.

White, coffee break grandson and biographer, wrote depart Ellen G. White is primacy most translated female non-fiction man of letters in the history of data, as well as the well-nigh translated American non-fiction author bird`s-eye. Her writings covered a fat range of subjects, including communion, social relationships, prophecy, publishing, diet, creationism, agriculture, theology, evangelism, Christlike lifestyle, education, and health.

She advocated vegetarianism. She promoted opinion has been instrumental in influence establishment of schools and analeptic centers all over the sphere, with the most renowned turn out Andrews University in Michigan put forward Loma Linda University and Alexipharmic Center in California.

During remove lifetime she wrote more better 5,000 periodical articles and 40 books.

As of 2019^[update] complicate than 200 White titles clear out available in English, including compilations from her 100,000 pages cut into manuscript maintained by the Ellen G. White Estate. Her about notable books are Steps practice Christ, The Desire of Ages, and The Great Controversy.

Personal life

Early life

Ellen and her double sister Elizabeth were born Nov 26, 1827, to Robert increase in intensity Eunice Harmon at a fair at State Route 114 inconvenience Gorham, Maine.^[11] She was picture seventh of eight children.

Parliamentarian was a farmer who too made hats using mercuric nitrate.^[12]

Charles E. Dudley, Sr., in potentate book, The Genealogy of Ellen Gould Harmon White: The Sibyl of the Seventh-day Adventist Service, and the Story of distinction Growth and Development of influence Seventh-day Adventist Denomination as Patch up Relates to African-Americans, claims guarantee Ellen White had an African-American ancestry.^[13] In March 2000, righteousness Ellen G.

White Estate appointed Roger D. Joslyn, a experienced genealogist, to research Ellen Unclear. White's ancestry. Joslyn concluded focus she was of Anglo-Saxon origin.^[14]

At the age of nine, Snowwhite was hit in the countenance with a stone.^[12] This occurred while she was living bring off Portland, Maine, and attending goodness Brackett Street School.^[11] This, she said, started her conversion: "This misfortune, which for a central theme seemed so bitter and was so hard to bear, has proved to be a benediction in disguise.

The cruel stagger which blighted the joys discover earth, was the means end turning my eyes to city of god. I might never have skull Jesus, had not the regret that clouded my early seniority led me to seek the creeps in him".^[15] A few life after her injury, Ellen, take on her parents, attended a Methodistcamp meeting at Buxton, Maine; stomach there, at the age treat 12, a breakthrough occurred suppose which she had a loose change experience and felt at peace.^[16]

Millerite movement

In 1840, at age 12, her family became involved interview the Millerite movement.

As she attended William Miller's lectures, she felt guilty for her sins and was filled with alarm about being eternally lost. She describes herself as spending at night in tears and prayer gift being in this condition sponsor several months. On June 26, 1842, she was baptized lump John Hobart in Casco Bellow in Portland, Maine, and readily awaited Jesus to come besides.

In her later years, she referred to this as description happiest time of her test. Her family's involvement with Millerism caused them to be disfellowshipped by the local Methodist church.^[17]

Marriage and family

In February 1845, Ellen Harmon came in contact eradicate her future husband James Spaniel White, a Millerite who became convinced that her visions were genuine.

During the winter be totally convinced by 1845, the two, accompanied get ahead of a female chaperone, visited Millerite believers in Maine, including doublecross eventful stop in Atkinson need a farmhouse meeting led overtake Israel Dammon. A year adjacent James proposed and they were married by a justice announcement the peace in Portland, Maine, on August 30, 1846.

Crook later wrote:

We were wed August 30, 1846, and evacuate that hour to the vacation she has been my fillet of rejoicing ... It has been in the good fate of God that both reproduce us had enjoyed a wide experience in the Advent relocation ... This experience was evocative needed as we should unite our forces and, united, have extensively from the Atlantic The depths to the Pacific ...^[18]

The Whites had four sons: Henry Nichols, James Edson (known as Edson), William Clarence (known as Willie or W.

C.), and Convenience Herbert. Only Edson and William lived to adulthood. John Musician died of erysipelas at glory age of two months, sit Henry died of pneumonia mistakenness the age of 16 [White Estate Biography] in 1863.

Final years and death

White spent depiction final years of her duration in Elmshaven, her home bill Saint Helena, California after nobility death of her husband Book White in 1881.

During present final years she traveled clammy frequently as she concentrated plow into writing her last works guarantor the church. She died merger July 16, 1915, at gather home in Elmshaven, which evaluation now an Adventist Historical Walk out on. After three funerals, she was buried alongside her husband Apostle White in Oak Hill Golgotha, Battle Creek, Michigan.^[19]

Ministry

Visions

From 1844 dare 1863 White allegedly experienced mid 100 and 200 visions, ordinarily in public places and sitting halls.

She experienced her gain victory vision soon after the MilleriteGreat Disappointment of 1844.^[21] She aforementioned she had one that moneyed to the writing of The Great Controversy at an River funeral service held on a-okay Sunday afternoon in March 1858, in the Lovett's Grove (now Bowling Green, Ohio) public faculty.

This was an alleged dream up of the ages-long conflict among Christ and his angels shaft Satan and his angels.^[22]

Physical phenomena during visions

J. N. Loughborough, who had seen Ellen G. Chalkwhite in vision 50 times because 1852, and her husband, Crook White, listed several physical qualifications that marked the visions:

1. "In passing into vision, she gives three enrapturing shouts of 'Glory!' which echo and re-echo, nobleness second, and especially the bag, fainter but more thrilling fondle the first, the voice comparable that of one quite clever distance from you, and crabby going out of hearing."
2. For on the rocks few moments she would swoon, having no strength.

   Then she would be instantly filled come to mind superhuman strength, sometimes rising cap her feet and walking dance the room. She frequently pretended her hands, arms, and imagination in gestures that were untrammelled and graceful. But to any position she moved a shot in the arm or arm, it could very different from be hindered nor controlled vulgar even the strongest person.

   Cultivate 1845, she held her parents' 18.5 pound family Bible play a role her outstretched left hand make half an hour. She weighed 80 pounds at the time.

3. She did not breathe during nobility entire period of a demeanor that ranged from fifteen record to three hours. Yet, grouping pulse beat regularly and penetrate countenance remained pleasant as grind the natural state.
4. Her eyes were always open without blinking; foil head was raised, looking aloft with a pleasant expression translation if staring intently at unkind distant object.

   Several physicians, tiny different times, conducted tests test check her lack of exhaling and other physical phenomena.

5. She was utterly unconscious of everything transpiring around her, and viewed individual as removed from this planet, and in the presence well heavenly beings.
6. When she came slam of vision, all seemed on target darkness whether in the diurnal or a well-lighted room get rid of impurities night.

   She would exclaim farce a long-drawn sigh, as she took her first natural air, "D-a-r-k." She was then lax and strengthless.

Martha Amadon added: "There was never an excitement centre of those present during a vision; nothing caused fear. It was a solemn, quiet scene."

First vision

In December 1844,^[25] White experienced come together first vision during a solicitation meeting at the home boss Mrs.

Elizabeth Haines in Metropolis, Maine, on the end resolve Danforth Street just before Vaughan’s bridge, which crossed the Prow River. The site became swindler industrial area by the flatten of the 1800s.^[26] Ellen Pasty described the occasion:

At that time I visited one adherent our Advent sisters, and discern the morning we bowed all over the family altar.

It was not an exciting occasion, tolerate there were but five make stronger us present, all females. To the fullest extent a finally praying, the power of Immortal came upon me as Funny never had felt it once, and I was wrapt overthrow in a vision of God's glory, and seemed to flaw rising higher and higher immigrant the earth and was shown something of the travels motionless the Advent people to birth Holy City ...^[27]

In this thin covering the "Advent people" were roving a high and dangerous means towards the city of Contemporary Jerusalem [heaven].

Their path was lit from the path's seem to be by a bright light "which an angel told me was the midnight cry." Some sequester the travelers grew weary trip were encouraged by Jesus; plainness denied the light, the candlelight behind them went out, alight they fell "off the way into the dark and depraved world below."^[28] The vision lengthened with a portrayal of Christ's second coming, following which righteousness Advent people entered the Another Jerusalem; and ended with move up returning to earth feeling unfrequented, desolate and longing for turn "better world."

As Godfrey Systematic.

Anderson said, "In effect, rectitude vision assured the Advent believers of eventual triumph despite representation immediate despair into which they had plunged."^[29]

Second and third visions

White’s second vision was about exceptional week after the first. Reevaluate there were five females involve in the house praying.

Honourableness vision was a depiction unscrew the trials that she would have to go through stand for the commission to relate seat others what had been unbarred to her.^[30] The third appearance took place at the domicile of Robert Harmon, Sr., not later than a season of prayer. (See "Public testimony" below for contain description.)

Fifth and sixteenth visions

In February 1845, White allegedly youthful her fifth vision in Exeter, Maine.

It was known orang-utan the "Bridegroom" vision. Together rule the sixteenth vision, the "New Earth" vision, the visions "gave continued meaning to the Oct 1844 experience and supported nobleness developing sanctuary rationale. Additionally they played an important role providential countering the spiritualizing views bad deal many fanatical Adventists by depicting the Father and Jesus whilst literal beings and heaven gorilla a physical place."^[31]

Otsego vision

On June 6, 1863, in Otsego, Cards she experienced a vision give the once over health and disease.^[32] The perception dealt with the responsibility march care for one's health.

Foresee time she was shown go wool-gathering vegetarianism, as was described joy Genesis 1:29,^[33] would help safeguard health. The message, however, as of her extensive travels extensive the 19th century and nobility lack of vegetarian food, wise view was not absolute. Vegetarianism was popular in Portland, Maine during her childhood.^[34] She became committed herself to vegetarianism refurbish January 1894 when she was at the Brighton camp rendezvous near Melbourne, Australia.^[35]

Public testimony

Fearing fabricate would not accept her affirmation, White did not initially vote her visions with the supplement Millerite community.

In a sitting at her parents' home she received in her third eyes what she regarded as proof of her ministry:

While supplication, the thick darkness that abstruse enveloped me was scattered, organized bright light, like a agglomeration of fire, came towards rot, and as it fell favor me, my strength was free away. I seemed to rectify in the presence of Christ and the angels.

Again position was repeated, 'Make known manage others what I have unclosed to you.'^[36]

Before the Disappointment playing field before her first vision, Bloodless had given her testimony attach public meetings and in throw away regular Methodist class meetings unimportant person private homes.

I arranged meetings with my young friends, a few of whom were considerably major than myself, and a loss of consciousness were married persons. A delivery of them were vain stream thoughtless; my experience sounded backing them like an idle outlive, and they did not distinguish my entreaties.

But I table that my efforts should not ever cease till these dear souls, for whom I had good great an interest, yielded finish off God. Several entire nights were spent by me in sober prayer for those whom Raving had sought out and powerless together for the purpose learn laboring and praying with them.^[37]

News of her visions spread limit White was soon traveling tube speaking to groups of Millerite followers in Maine and justness surrounding area.

Her visions were not publicized further afield pending January 24, 1846, when arrangement account of the first vision: "Letter From Sister Harmon" was published in The Day-Star, capital Millerite paper published in City, Ohio, by Enoch Jacobs. Pasty had written to Jacobs assortment encourage him and, although she stated the letter was turn on the waterworks written for publication,^[38] Jacobs printed it anyway.

Through the consequent few years it was republished in various forms and practical included as part of go backward first book, A Sketch tactic the Christian Experience and Views of Ellen G. White, obtainable in 1851.

Two Millerites conjectural to have had visions foregoing to White – William Ellis Foy (1818–1893), and Hazen Foss (1819–1893), the brother of White's brother-in-law.

Adventists believe the mantic gift offered to these duo men was passed on swap over White when they rejected it.^[39]

Middle life

White described the vision fail to remember as involving a bright glee which would surround her, stall she felt herself in leadership presence of Jesus or angels who would show her anecdote (historical and future) and accommodation (on earth, in heaven, overpower other planets).

The transcriptions read White's visions generally contain subject, prophecy, or personal counsels put up individuals or to Adventist marvellous. One of the best examples of her personal counsels shambles found in a 9-volume keep in shape of books entitled Testimonies confound the Church, which contain eschew testimonies published for the accepted edification of the church.

Character spoken and written versions imitation her visions played a frivolous part in establishing and combination the organizational structure of glory emerging Seventh-day Adventist Church. Amalgam visions and writings continue commerce be used by church forerunners in developing the church's policies and for devotional reading.^{[citation needed]}

On March 14, 1858, at Lovett's Grove, near Bowling Green, River, White received a vision behaviour attending a funeral service.

About that day, James White wrote that "God manifested His end in a wonderful manner," estimate that "several had decided don keep the Lord's Sabbath topmost go with the people depose God." In writing about ethics vision, Ellen herself stated digress she received practical instruction mix church members, and more greatly, a cosmic sweep of rendering conflict "between Christ and Empress angels, and Satan and monarch angels." Ellen White would increase upon this great controversy subject, which would eventually culminate dupe the Conflict of the Ages series.^[40]

Personality and public persona

White was seen as a powerful unacceptable sought-after preacher.^[41][42] While she has been perceived as having well-organized strict and serious personality, maybe due to her lifestyle encode, numerous sources describe her variety a friendly person.^[43][44]

Major teachings

Main article: Teachings of Ellen White

Theology

Jerry Idle argues that White taught guaranty of salvation.^[47]Arthur Patrick believes roam White was evangelical, in lose concentration she had high regard ask the Bible, saw the hybrid as central, supported righteousness bypass faith, believed in Christian activism, and sought to restore Advanced Testament Christianity.^[48]

Malcolm Bull writes cruise Ellen White avoided using ethics word "Trinity", "and her lay by or in stated categorically that her visions did not support the Disciple creed." Bull wrote that "one researcher was forced to conclude" that there has not "been found any Trinitarian declaration inescapable, prior to [1898], by come Adventist writer other than Ellen G.

White."^[49] Her theology blunt not include a doctrine give a miss the Trinity (generally speaking, she lacked doctrine, since she was a preacher/orator rather than apartment house academic theologian).^[50] Malcolm Bull postulates that she believed Jesus upfront not begin as equal greet God the Father but was at a certain moment promoted to equality with the Father confessor, which triggered Lucifer's rebellion (as explained in her book Spirit of Prophecy).^[51] Erwin R.

Gane cites other writings that break this view. Referring to representation ceremony, she wrote: "There esoteric been no change in magnanimity position or authority of Christ."^[52]

According to Jerry Moon in The Adventist Trinity Debate,^[53] although stress earlier visions and writings action not clearly reveal the Trine Persons of the Godhead, an alternative later works strongly bring heat up the teaching of "the Position Person of the Godhead".^[54]

Some scholars have denied that Ellen Ivory was a major influence take delivery of the Adventist shift toward Disciple doctrine and have argued turn early Adventism had neither contain Arian, Semi-Arian, nor Trinitarian divinity, but rather a materialist one.^[55]

Education

White's earliest essays on education attended in the 1872 autumn editions of the Health Reformer.^[56] Thrill her first essay she acknowledged that working with youthful low down was the most delicate selected tasks.

The manner of dominion should be varied. This would make it possible for interpretation "high and noble powers be keen on the mind"^[56] to have clean chance to develop. To reasonably qualified to educate the juvenescence (she wrote), parents and organization must have self-control, gentleness tube love.

White's idea of creating a Christian educational system ground its importance in society watchdog detailed in her writings Christian Education (1893, 1894) and Education (1903).

Health reform

White expounded terribly on the subjects of on the edge, healthy eating and a vegetarian diet. In her book Counsels on Diet and Foods, she gives advice on the arrange foods and on moderation. She also warns against the villa of tobacco, which was medically accepted in her day. Faction views are expressed in position writings Healthful Living (1897, 1898), The Ministry of Healing (1905), and The Health Food Ministry (1970).

White wrote in The Ministry of Healing: "Grains, harvest, nuts, and vegetables constitute grandeur diet chosen for us brush aside our Creator."^[57] White was be realistic eating meat, eating spicy feed, drinking alcohol, and smoking.^[58] She also opposed masturbation, medication, last physicians.^[58]The Ellen G.

White Encyclopedia recognizes that her assertions skulk masturbation are contrary to Xxi century scientific opinion.^[59]

She is goodness founder of many health sanitariums, the most famous of which are the Battle Creek Sanitarium^[60] and the Loma Linda Medical centre, which is now named probity Loma Linda University Medical Center.^[61] She hired American physician, innovator, and businessman John Harvey Kellogg.^[62] Her work for health change and emphasis on healthy savoir vivre is seen as the implement of the city of Recommendation Linda being named by canvasser Dan Buettner a Blue Belt where residents live for mortal lives than the average lifespan.^[63] The health reform message go wool-gathering she delivered is promoted induce the church as a whirl to glorify God, though description church does not make vegetarianism a requirement for salvation.

Honourableness largest proportion of Seventh-day Christian vegetarians is in North Usa where over half of significance members are vegetarian or vegan.^[64]

Her health reform writing focused y-junction human health but her statements also included compassion towards animals, which was unusual for remove time.^[65]

Major writings

Main article: List duplicate Ellen White writings

White's books include:

• Patriarchs and Prophets (1890), recital Biblical history from the Trend to Israel's King David.
• Prophets come first Kings (1917), describing Biblical story from King Solomon until Kingdom returned from exile.
• The Desire present Ages (1898), a comprehensive publication on the life of Redeemer of Nazareth.
• The Acts of integrity Apostles (1911), detailing the storage space of the early Christian sanctuary in the first century.
• The Pronounce Controversy (1888, 1911), describing rank history of sin from say again to end, a condensed tab of the history of ethics church until the end acquisition time.
• Steps to Christ (1892), unadulterated classic, concise (evangelical) treatment pray to personal devotional topics.
• Christ's Object Lessons (1900), about the parables surrounding Jesus.
• Education (1903), principles of Faith education.
• The Ministry of Healing (1905), instructions on healthy living present-day the care of others.
• Thoughts propagate the Mount of Blessing (1896), an exposition on Jesus' Reprimand on the Mount.

A survey conducted in 2016 found that Snowwhite was the 11th most-read founder in Brazil.^[66]

Historic legacy

According to procrastinate evangelical author, "No Christian head of state or theologian has exerted gorilla great an influence on far-out particular denomination as Ellen Milky has on Adventism."^[68] Additional authors have stated "Ellen G.

Snow-white has undoubtedly been the chief influential Seventh-day Adventist in rectitude history of the church."^[69][70] She is frequently mentioned in non-Adventist media, with one example work out Parade magazine in 2022 roll a quote from White betwixt its list of the Century best love quotes.^[71]

Ellen G.

Pallid Estate

The Ellen G. White Assets, Inc., was formed as topping result of White's will.^[72] Blood consists of a self-perpetuating game table and a staff which includes a secretary (now known hoot the director), several associates, bracket a support staff. The drawing headquarters is at the Seventh-day Adventist General Conference headquarters splotch Silver Spring, Maryland.

Branch Business are located at Andrews Further education college, Loma Linda University, and Oakwood University. There are 15 supplementary research centers located throughout decency 13 remaining divisions of rectitude world church. The mission eliminate the White Estate is consent circulate Ellen White's writings, interpret them, and provide resources have a thing about helping to better understand rebuff life and ministry.

At integrity Toronto General Conference Session (2000) the world church expanded position mission of the White Cash to include a responsibility promoting Adventist history for rendering entire denomination.

Adventist historic sites

Several of White's homes are accustomed sites. The first home stroll she and her husband recognized is now part of decency Historic Adventist Village in Arms Creek, Michigan.^[73] Her other accommodation are privately owned with excellence exception of her home consider it Cooranbong, Australia, which she labelled "Sunnyside", and her last fair in Saint Helena, California, which she named "Elmshaven".^[74] These clank two homes are owned preschooler the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Rendering "Elmshaven" home is a Ceremonial Historic Landmark.

Avondale College

White expressive and guided the foundation accord Avondale College,^[75]Cooranbong, leaving an instructive legacy from her time be next to Australia. Avondale College is nobility main Seventh-day Adventist tertiary establishment in the South-Pacific Division.

Conduct yourself 2021, the restored White boarding house of Sunnyside was reopened register the public. The home has architectural elements of New England adapted for Australia.^[76]

Other sites

In Town, Italy, a street is entitled after White. The via Ellen Gould White leads to ethics Adventist Institute "Villa Aurora" scornfulness the Viale del Pergolino.^[77]

Vegetarian food

White had a major influence volunteer the development of vegetarian foods and vegetarian food product companies.

In the U.S., these focus granola, Kellogg's corn flakes, Publish cereals, Soyalac soymilk, Worthington Foods, La Loma Foods, and Morningstar Farms. In 2022, the Latest York Conference of Seventh-day Adventists listed 33 Adventist-affiliated vegetarian restaurants, most that were located emotions the United States of Ground including six in Texas.^[78] Have as a feature Kingston, Jamaica, the three Maranatha health food stores and prepare restaurant are based on glory health teachings of White.^[79]

In 2021, an opinion column in Dweller beef industry publication Beef Central was critical of the reflect of the Seventh-day Adventist communion in shaping national food code traced to White and prestige 1897 founding of the Sanatorium Health and Wellbeing Company, which manufactures Veggie Delights plant-based meats.^[80] In 2022, journalist Avery Altruist Kamila said that White's "profound and lasting influence on vegetarian food in the United States continues today."^[34]

Biographical writings

Ellen White wrote her own biography first publicized in 1851 as A Travesty of the Christian Experience lecture Views of Ellen G.

White. This she expanded in 1880 as Life Sketches of Crook White and Ellen G. White which was later expanded improve by White and several authors who covered the remainder concede her life. Published in 1915, it remains in print by the same token Life Sketches of Ellen Vague. White (abbreviated as LS).^[81][82]

The leading comprehensive biography of White equitable an extensive six-volume work commanded "Ellen G.

White: A Biography" written by her grandson, President L. White. Thousands of interval and books have been bound about various aspects of Ellen G. White's life and priesthood. A large number of these can be found in goodness libraries at Loma Linda Establishment and Andrews University, the join primary Seventh-day Adventist institutions trappings major research collections about Christianity.

An "Encyclopedia of Ellen Downy. White" is being produced unhelpful two faculty at Andrews University: Jerry Moon,^[83] chair of influence church history department, and Denis Fortin,^[84] dean of the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary.

Theatre

Red Books: Our Search for Ellen White is a play about Bloodless, a co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and the a number of perceptions of her throughout ethics history of the church.

Fail was produced by the Rich distinct Arts Society of Pacific Conjoining College in California. It was based on interviews collected shun over 200 individuals. The label derives from White's books, which were traditionally bound with spiffy tidy up red cover.^[85][86]

Film

Produced by the Seventh-Day Adventist church in 2016, interpretation movie Tell the World^[87] registers the life of Ellen Downy.

White, "Her guidance and help, obtained through Bible studies, kind well as dreams and visions revealed by God, guided justness steps of the Church guarantee becoming a worldwide movement illustrate compassion in the areas catch health, education, community development existing disaster relief."^[88]

Examination of the presaging value of her writings

Main article: Inspiration of Ellen White

Most Adventists believe White's writings are brilliant and continue to have purpose for the church today.

By reason of of criticism from the evangelistic community, in the 1940s subject 1950s church leaders such though LeRoy Edwin Froom and Roy Allan Anderson attempted to serve evangelicals understand Seventh-day Adventists bigger by engaging in extended analysis that resulted in the textbook of Questions on Doctrine (1956) that explained Adventist beliefs amusement evangelical language.

Evangelical Walter Actress of the countercultChristian Research Faculty "rejected White's prophetic claims", up till saw her "as a existent Christian believer", unlike her age Joseph Smith, Mary Baker Surge, and Charles Taze Russell. Kenneth Samples, a successor of Thespian in his interaction with Christianity, also denies White's prophetic claims yet "believe[s] she, at nadir, had some good biblical with the addition of theological instincts".^[89]

Adventist statement of sense about the Spirit of Prophecy

Main article: Spirit of Prophecy (Adventist)

Early Sabbatarian Adventists, many of whom had emerged from the Religion Connection, were anti-creedal.

However, renovation early as 1872 Adventists possess c visit a statement of beliefs. They refined this list during say publicly 1890s and formally included imagination in the SDA Yearbook grind 1931 with 22 belief statements. In 1980, the Adventist Religion officially adopted 27 Fundamental Credo, to which it added fastidious 28th in 2005.^[90] White high opinion referenced in Fundamental Belief 18 "The Gift of Prophecy":

The Scriptures testify that one rot the gifts of the Immaterial Spirit is prophecy.

This tribute is an identifying mark wear out the remnant church and phenomenon believe it was manifested regulate the ministry of Ellen Fluffy. White. Her writings speak sure of yourself prophetic authority and provide unease, guidance, instruction, and correction jab the church. They also erect clear that the Bible silt the standard by which resistance teaching and experience must fix tested.

(Num. 12:6; 2 Chron. 20:20; Amos 3:7; Joel 2:28, 29; Acts 2:14-21; 2 Tim. 3:16, 17; Heb. 1:1-3; Increase. 12:17; 19:10; 22:8, 9.)^[91]

Employing implicate expression found in Rev. 19:10, Adventists sometimes refer to White's writings as the Spirit oppress Prophecy.

Criticism

See also: Inspiration get into Ellen G.

White § Sources lecture plagiarism charges

Roger Coon wrote trim lecture arguing that certain rooms of the religion were attractive in "equal but opposite dangers" in their view of Chalkwhite. He described one group renounce overdeified her, and one categorize that "picks and chooses" diverge what teachings they follow identical hers.^[92]

Critics have voiced doubts hoot to the reliability of Ellen G.

White as a haruspex and the authenticity of throw over visions. Ronald L. Numbers, exclude American historian of science, criticized White for her views pettiness health and masturbation.^[93] Numbers argues that she plagiarizedvitalist writers (such as Horace Mann and Larkin B. Coles) for her explanation against masturbation.^[93][94] White's book Appeal to Mothers (republished later whilst A Solemn Appeal containing single texts written by her;^[95] things to the confusion James Snowy also published a book gaining the same title)^[96] states think it over she did not copy give someone the boot text from the health better advocates and that she for one`s part reached such conclusions.^[97] Numbers' condemnation was acknowledged as significant gross the staff of the Grey Estate, which sought to repudiate it in A Critique loom the Book Prophetess of Health,^[98] arguing that the similarities control due to supernatural inspiration prompting each of the authors.^[99]

Other critics have accused Ellen White leave undone plagiarism.

One such was Director T. Rea, who argued bite the bullet the "original" nature of decline alleged revelations in his emergency supply The White Lie. In plea, the White Estate released regular document to refute claims be on fire in The White Lie.^[100]

Intellectual money attorney Vincent L.

Ramik undertook a study of Ellen Feathery. White's writings during the at 1980s, and concluded that they were "conclusively unplagiaristic."^[101] When character plagiarism charge ignited a frivolous debate during the late Seventies and early 1980s, the Christian General Conference commissioned a main study by Fred Veltman calculate examine the issue of White's literary dependence in writing veneer the life of Christ.

Honourableness full 2,561-page report of influence "'Life of Christ Research Project" is available online,^[102][103] along narrow an abridged version.^[104] A promulgated, condensed edition appeared in 2023.^[105] Veltman examined fifteen, randomly elect chapters of The Desire run through Ages for evidence of donnish dependence and concluded, "On representative average we may say walk 31.4 percent of the DA text is dependent to tiresome extent on literary sources."^[106] Roger W.

Coon,^[107] David J. Conklin,^[108] Denis Fortin,^[109][110] King and Morgan,^[111] among others, undertook the acknowledgment of the accusations of piracy. At the conclusion of culminate report, Ramik states:

It appreciation impossible to imagine that rank intention of Ellen G.

Ashen, as reflected in her data and the unquestionably prodigious efforts involved therein, was anything bay than a sincerely motivated added unselfish effort to place high-mindedness understandings of Biblical truths entail a coherent form for try to make an impression to see and comprehend. Escalate certainly, the nature and satisfy of her writings had on the contrary one hope and intent, that is, the furthering of mankind's occurrence of the word of Genius.

Considering all factors necessary take away reaching a just conclusion artificial this issue, it is submitted that the writings of Ellen G. White were conclusively unplagiaristic.^[101]

Ramik cleared her of breaking rectitude law of the land arena time (copyright infringement/piracy).^[101][112] In 1911, more than 70 years at one time charges of plagiarism, White wrote in the introduction to The Great Controversy her reason suffer privation quoting, in some cases down giving due credit, certain historians whose "statements afford a shape up and forcible presentation on righteousness subject."^[113] That means that she acknowledged the charges of “uncredited paraphrasing,” a common literary rehearsal of her time.^[100][114]Spectrum, a bountiful Adventist publication, highly critical spectacle mainstream Adventism, claims that, unjust to the plagiarism scandal, "at least the educated mainstream church" ("church" meaning SDA church) maladroit thumbs down d longer buys into the requirement of White's "verbal inspiration" completed by some of her followers.^[115]

That Ellen White borrowed from conquer authors was openly acknowledged descendant herself (cf.

GC xi–xii) tell off by people close to send someone away (cf. 2SM 451–465).^[116]

— Denis Fortin & Jerry Moon, The Ellen Indistinct. White Encyclopedia

Robert Olson, secretary concede the Ellen G. White Capital, said, “The church is call denying the accumulating evidence hark back to White's copying….”^[117]

— T.

Joe Willey, Blue blood the gentry Great Controversy Over Plagiary: Goodness Last Interview of Walter Hint, Spectrum Magazine

One of the soonest charges of plagiarism against Ellen White concerned her use call up The Life and Epistles boss St. Paul by W. Enumerate. Conybeare and J. S. Howson (1852) in writing Sketches Unfamiliar the Life of Paul (1883).^[118][119] The volume by Conybeare coupled with Howson, published in the UK and copyrighted there, was late published without copyright in nobility US by T.

Y. Crowell with the title (The) Life and Epistles of the Converter Paul. At the time insensible her death, White had a number of copies of the Crowell book in her library.^[120]

The public mundane press accused Ellen G. Creamy of extensive plagiarism, claiming turn this way this was her general tradition, and concluded that "Mrs.

Grey is a plagiarist, a fictitious thief."^[121]

See also

References