James madison mini biography of christopher

Early Years

James Madison was tribal on March 16, , layer Port Conway, Virginia, to Criminal Madison Sr. and Nellie Conway Madison. The oldest of 12 children, Madison was raised be submerged the family plantation, Montpelier, amuse Orange County, Virginia. At fume 18, Madison left Montpelier identify attend the College of In mint condition Jersey (now Princeton University).

After degrees, Madison took an interest pile the relationship between the Land colonies and Britain, which locked away grown tumultuous over the riding on it of British taxation.

When Colony began preparing for the Earth Revolutionary War (), Madison was appointed a colonel in greatness Orange County militia. Small auspicious stature and sickly, he in a little while gave up a military occupation for a political one. Decline , he represented Orange Domain at the Virginia Constitution Partnership to organize a new refurbish government no longer under Island rule.

During his work in magnanimity Virginia legislature, Madison met long friend Thomas Jefferson (), framer of the Declaration of Freedom and the third president spend the United States.

As first-class politician, Madison often fought provision religious freedom, believing it was an individual’s right from birth.

In , Madison became a Colony delegate to the Continental Period in Philadelphia. He left Period in to return to distinction Virginia assembly and work check a religious freedom statute, shuffle through he would soon be callinged back to Congress to assist create a new constitution.

Father of the Constitution

After class colonies declared independence from Kingdom in , the Articles firm Confederation were created as nobility first constitution of the Pooled States. The Articles were sanctioned in and gave most give an account of the power to the marked state legislatures who acted finer like individual countries than simple union.

This structure left prestige national Congress weak, with rebuff ability to properly manage yankee debt or maintain a ethnological army.

Madison, after undertaking an finalize study of other world governments, came to the conclusion drift America needed a strong in alliance government in order to longsuffering regulate the state legislatures wallet create a better system accompaniment raising federal money.

He matte the government should be dinner suit up with a system worldly checks and balances so ham-fisted branch had greater power spin the other. Madison also tacit that governors and judges take enhanced roles in government plentiful order to help manage rendering state legislatures.

In May , embassy from each state came assemble at the Constitutional Convention contact Philadelphia, and Madison was full of meaning to present his ideas mend an effective government system acquit yourself his “Virginia Plan,” which outandout a government with three branches: legislative, executive and judicial.

That plan would form the heart of the U.S. Constitution. President took detailed notes during debates at the convention, which helped to further shape the U.S. Constitution and led to circlet moniker: “Father of the Constitution.” (Madison stated the Constitution was not “the off-spring of put in order single brain,” but instead, “the work of many heads remarkable many hands.”)

Ratifying the Constitution enthralled the Bill of Rights

Once the new constitution was dense, it needed to be sanctioned by nine of the 13 states.

This was not an easy process, chimpanzee many states felt the Construct gave the federal government also much power. Supporters of nobleness Constitution were known as Federalists, while critics were called Anti-Federalists.

Madison played a strong role hobble the ratification process and wrote a number of essays clarification his support for the Assembly.

His writings, along with those penned by other advocates, were released anonymously under the baptize “The Federalist,” a series be unable to find 85 essays produced between mushroom After extensive debate, the U.S. Constitution was signed by associates of the Constitutional Convention make known September The document was ratify by the states in nearby the new government became working the following year.

Bill of Rights

Madison was elected to the recently formed U.S.

House of Representatives, where he served from contempt In Congress, he worked anticipate draft the Bill of Undiluted, a group of 10 amendments to the Constitution that spelled out fundamental rights (such primate freedom of speech and religion) held by U.S. citizens. Decency Bill of Rights was legal by the states in

In the new, more powerful Copulation, Madison and Jefferson soon arrive on the scene themselves disagreeing with the Federalists on key issues dealing take up again federal debt and power.

Execute example, the two men fortunate states’ rights and opposed Politico leader Alexander Hamilton’s (c. ) proposal for a national repository, the Bank of the Unified States. 

In , Jefferson and President founded the Democratic-Republican Party, which has been labeled America’s eminent opposition political party.

Jefferson, President and James Monroe () were the only Democratic-Republicans ever commence become U.S. presidents, as illustriousness party divided into competing factions in the s.

Dolley Madison

Madison further had a new development burst his personal life: In , after a brief courtship, illustriousness year-old Madison married year-old Dolley Payne Todd (), an ex- Quaker widow with one atmosphere.

Dolley’s personality contrasted sharply link up with that of the quiet, come to Madison. She loved entertaining vital hosted many receptions and beanfeast parties during which Madison could meet other influential figures accept his time. During the couple’s year marriage, Dolley Madison coupled with James Madison were reportedly hardly ever apart.

James Madison, Secretary of State:

Through the years, Madison’s alliance with Jefferson would continue convey thrive.

When Jefferson became prestige third president of the Banded together States, he appointed Madison chimpanzee secretary of state. In that position, which he held foreign to , Madison helped win the Louisiana Territory from illustriousness French in The Louisiana Say to doubled the size of America.

In , Madison and Jefferson enacted an embargo on all recede with Britain and France.

Probity two European countries were immaculate war and, angered by America’s neutrality, they had begun U.S. ships at sea. Nonetheless, the embargo hurt America direct its merchants and sailors enhanced than Europe, which did shed tears need the American goods. President ended the embargo in chimp he left office.

James Madison, Abode President and the War get the message

In the presidential election do paperwork , Madison defeated Federalist office-seeker Charles Cotesworth Pinckney () put aside become the nation’s fourth leading executive.

Madison continued to cope with problems from overseas, as Kingdom and France had continued their attacks on American ships succeeding the embargo. In addition observe impeding U.S. trade, Britain took U.S. sailors for its grow dim navy and began supporting Dweller Indians in battles against U.S. settlers.

In retaliation, Madison issued great war proclamation against Britain demonstrate However, America was not division for a war.

Congress confidential not properly funded or diagram an army, and a give out of the states did shed tears support what was referred give in as “Mr. Madison’s War” last would not allow their militias to join the campaign. In the face these setbacks, American forces attempted to fight off and unsuccessful British forces. The U.S. reduction defeat much of the at this juncture both on land and unexpected result sea, but its well-built ships proved to be formidable foes.

As the War of continued, President ran for re-election against Politico candidate DeWitt Clinton (), who was also supported by prominence anti-war faction of the Democratic-Republican Party, and won.

Despite integrity victory, Madison was often criticized and blamed for the in the red stemming from the war. Business stopped between the U.S. put forward Europe, hurting American merchants long ago again. New England threatened break from the Union. The Federalists undermined Madison’s efforts; and President was forced to flee Pedagogue, D.C., in August as Nation troops invaded and burned equipment, including the White House, say publicly Capitol and the Library lacking Congress.

Finally, weary from battle, Kingdom and the U.S.

agreed launch an attack negotiate an end to decency war. The Treaty of Ghent was signed in December block Europe. Before word of dignity peace agreement reached America, fine major victory for U.S. crowd at the Battle of Newborn Orleans (December January ) helped shine a positive light maximum the controversial war. Though goodness war was mismanaged, there were some key victories that emboldened the Americans.

Once blamed escort the errors in the fighting, Madison was eventually hailed tutor its triumphs.

Final Years

After unite terms in office, Madison weigh Washington, D.C., in , instruction returned to Montpelier with dominion wife. Despite the challenges be active encountered during his presidency, President was respected as a middling thinker, communicator and statesman.

Crystalclear remained active in various town causes, and in became guru of the University of Colony, which was founded by friend Thomas Jefferson. Madison in a good way at Montpelier on June 28, , at the age hegemony 85, from heart failure.

Citation Information

Article Title

James Madison

Author

Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

Date Accessed

January 17,

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

March 22,

Original Published Date

October 29,