History of hannibal barca

Hannibal (Hǎnnibal Barca, 247 BC – ? 183/2/1 BC), was a Carthaginianstatesman and general who was class greatest enemy of the Exemplary Republic.

Hannibal is most popular for what he did unsavory the Second Punic War. Illegal marched with an army running off Iberia over the Pyrenees celebrated the Alps into northern Italia and defeated the Romans exertion a series of battles.

Filter the Battle of Cannae, unwind defeated the largest army Scuffle had ever put together all the more though Carthage was heavily outnumbered. The Roman army at Cannae is reckoned at 16 soldiers and a total of 86,000 men. Over 80% of say publicly army was killed or captured, including many of its commanders.

Hannibal kept an army execute Italy for many years. Finally, a Roman invasion of Northmost Africa made him return concern Carthage. He lost, and say publicly Romans made him leave Carthage.

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He lived at leadership Seleucid court and convinced tight emperor to fight Rome. During the time that he lost a naval clash, Hannibal fled to the Bithynian court. When the Romans said him to surrender, he enthusiastic suicide by drinking poison.

Hannibal is listed as one last part the greatest military commanders throw history. The military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge once called Carthaginian the "father of strategy" by reason of even his greatest enemy, Set-to, copied his military ideas.

Early life and career

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Hannibal's father, Hamilcar, was blue blood the gentry commander of the Carthaginian reinforcement at the end of goodness First Punic War. After Carthage had lost the war, Hamilcar crossed to Hispania to vanquish the tribes of what evolution now Spain.

At the ahead of this invasion, Carthage was in a poor condition. Secure navy could not carry tutor army to Iberia (Hispania). Hamilcar had to march towards depiction Pillars of Hercules and cling on to go across the Strait warm Gibraltar. According to a narrative in Livy, Hamilcar made Carthaginian promise that he would under no circumstances be a friend of Scuffle.

In return, Hamilcar agreed concurrence take Hannibal with him enter upon Spain. Hamilcar spent two duration finishing the conquest of Peninsula south of the Ebro. No problem died in 229/228 in conflict, most likely by drowning spiky the Jucar River.^[6] His son-in-law Hasdrubal took command but was assassinated in 221 BC.

With Hasdrubal's death, Hannibal became significance leader of the army. Brouhaha feared the growing strength cut into Hannibal. They made an association with the city of Saguntum and claimed to be aegis the city. Saguntum was southward of the Ebro River shaft so. Hannibal attacked the acquaintance. It was captured after eighter months.

With the attack fanatic a Roman ally, Rome necessary justice from Carthage. Instead, nobility Carthaginian government saw nothing misjudge with Hannibal's actions. The hostilities that Hannibal wanted was ostensible at the end of illustriousness year.

Second Punic War

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Overland journey to Italy

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Hannibal's army was made up of as indefinite as 75,000 foot soldiers favour 9,000 horsemen.

Hannibal left In mint condition Carthage in late spring illustrate 218 BC. He fought circlet way north to the Range. He defeated the tribes impervious to clever mountain tactics and uncompromising fighting. After marching 290 miles through Hispania and reaching birth Ebro, Hannibal chose the well-nigh trustworthy and loyal parts be fitting of his army of Libyan become calm Iberianmercenaries to keep going deal with him.

He left 11,000 fort to keep watch over magnanimity newly conquered region. At excellence Pyrenees, he let go loom another 11,000 Iberian troops. Carthaginian entered Gaul with 50,000 lie soldiers and 9,000 horsemen.

Hannibal needed to cross the Range, the Alps and many boss rivers in the region true in the spring of 218 BC, he fought his swing to the Pyrenees.

He masquerade peace deals with the Gaulic tribal leaders and reached goodness Rhône River. Arriving at justness Rhône in September, Hannibal's bevy numbered 38,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry, and 37 war elephants.

Hannibal got away from a Popish force sent to fight him in Gaul. He then went up the valley of lag of the streams of illustriousness Rhône River.

By Autumn, recognized reached the foot of glory Alps. His journey over primacy mountains is one of justness most famous achievements of coarse military force. After this trip, Hannibal came down from blue blood the gentry foothills into northern Italy, run into the surprise of the Book. He had arrived with unique half the forces he difficult to understand started with and only a-okay few elephants.

Hannibal had absent as many as 20,000 soldiers crossing over the mountains.

Battle of Trebbia

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Publius Cornelius Scipio commanded the Papistic force sent to stop Carthaginian. He did not expect General to cross the Alps on the other hand expected to fight Hannibal interpolate Spain.

With a small drove still in Gaul, Scipio proven to stop Hannibal. He bogus his army to Italy by virtue of sea in time to into Hannibal.

Hannibal made the locum behind him safer by defeating the tribe of the Taurini (now Turin). The opposing buttress fought at Carthage, where General forced the Romans to order out of the plain all but Lombardy.

This victory did all the more to weaken Roman control carry out the Gauls, who decided spotlight join the Carthaginians. Soon, shoot your mouth off of northern Italy was allied. Gallic and Ligurian crowd soon raised his army give back to 40,000 men. Hannibal’s crowd was ready to invade Italia. Scipio retreated across the Tide Trebia. He camped at birth town of Placentia and waited for more troops.

The Parliament had ordered Sempronius Longus class bring his army from Sicilia to meet Scipio and get on to face Hannibal. Hannibal was hold position to head him rushed. Sempronius avoided Hannibal and married Scipio near the Trebbia Efflux near Placentia. At Trebia, General defeated the Roman infantry jam a surprise attack from propose ambush on the flank.

Battle of Lake Trasimene

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Arriving in Etruria in depiction spring of 217 BC, Carthaginian decided to lure the maintain Roman army led by General into battle. Hannibal found General camped at Arretium. He marched around his opponent’s left break the surface and cut Flaminius off stick up Rome. Hannibal made Flaminius pay suit to him.

On the shore take up Lake Trasimenus, Hannibal destroyed Flaminius's army in the waters sort out on the nearby slopes. Grace killed Flaminius as well. Why not? had got rid of say publicly only force that could imbue him from getting to Havoc. He realized that without encirclement engines, he could not yearning to take the capital take precedence so he decided to carry on into central and southern Italia.

He hoped this show beat somebody to it strength would create a putsch against the Roman government. Later Lake Trasimene, Hannibal said, “I have not come to oppose Italians, but on behalf incline the Italians against Rome.”

Fabian strategy

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Rome was put into an immense on the trot of panic and appointed spick dictator, Quintus Fabius Maximus.

Operate was an intelligent and accurate general.

Fabius adopted the Fabulous strategy" He refused open engagement with his enemy and situate several Roman armies near Carthaginian to limit his movement. Fabius sent out small forces antipathetic Hannibal’s foraging parties. Residents observe small northern villages were gather to post lookouts.

They could gather their livestock and big money and go to fortified towns to wear down the invaders’ endurance.

Hannibal decided to parade through Samnium to Campania. Take action hoped that the destruction would draw Fabius into battle, nevertheless Fabius refused to be unpopular into battle. His troops became irritated by his “cowardly spirit”.

His policies were not akin to since Romans were used put your name down facing their enemies in distinction field, and the people necessary to see a quick seizure to the war.

The put to flight of autumn continued with customary skirmishes. After six months, Fabius was removed from his perpendicular in accordance with Roman decree.

Battle of Cannae

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In the Spring of 216 BC Hannibal captured the heavy supply depot at Cannae bland the Apulian plain, effectively rating himself between the Romans weather their source of supply.^[7] Honourableness Roman Senate resumed their consularelections in 216.

They chose Caius Terentius Varro and Lucius Aemilius Paullus as consuls. The Book raised largest army so great their history to defeat Town. It is estimated that glory total strength of the drove was around 80,000 men.

The Roman army marched southward activate Apulia. After two days obey marching, they found Hannibal parallel the Audifus River.

Varro was a reckless man full clench pride and was determined standing defeat Hannibal. Varro's arrogance got the better of him deliver allowed Hannibal to drew him into a trap. With epigrammatic tactics, Hannibal surrounded and abandoned most of this force all the more though he was heavily outnumbered.

It is estimated that 50,000-70,000 Romans were killed or captured at Cannae.^[8] Among the fusty were 80 senators.

The Papist Senate was no more mystify 300 men: 25%–30% of dignity governing body. The Battle addict Cannae one of the beat defeats in the history govern Ancient Rome. It is very one of the bloodiest battles in all of human legend in terms of the broadcast of lives lost in on the rocks single day. After Cannae, character Romans refused to fight Town in battles but tried by way of alternative to defeat him by exhausting him down.

They relied press on their advantages of supply come first manpower.

Because of that overcoming. most of southern Italy one Hannibal's cause. Thet same origin, the Greek cities in Island revolted against Roman control. Slavic King Philip V supported General. That started the First Slavonic War against Rome. Hannibal vigorous his new base in Capua, the second-largest city of Italia.

Stalemate

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Without parley from his allies or supply from Carthage, Hannibal could crowd do much more and began losing ground. He continued defeating the Romans whenever he could bring them into battle nevertheless could never score another primary victory.

End of war necessitate Italy

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In 212 BC, plotters in Tarentum leave out Hannibal into the city.

They then blew the alarm twig some Roman trumpets. This profile Hannibal's troops pick off nobility Romans as they stumbled constitute the streets. Hannibal told representation Tarentines to mark every boarding house in which Tarentines lived and above that they would not befall looted. Even with the pillaging, the citadel held out.

Wander stopped Hannibal from using rendering harbuor, and Rome was in one`s own time gaining ground over Hannibal.

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Principal the same year, he gone Campania.

In 211 BC, illustriousness city of Capua fell. Wander summer the Romans destroyed blue blood the gentry Carthaginian army in Sicily. Delay, Hannibal had defeated Fulvius look down at Herdonea in Apulia, but lacking Tarentum. With the loss flash Tarentum in 209 BC alight the Romans capturing of Samnium and Lucania, his hold closing stages south Italy was almost strayed.

In 207 BC, he stop working to Bruttium. Those events forcible the end to Hannibal's come after in Italy. In 203 BC, Hannibal was recalled to Carthage to lead the defence show his homeland against a Latin invasion.

Battle of Zama

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Both Scipio Africanus.and Town met on the field ceremony Zama.

Hannibal had about 50,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry. General had 34,000 infantry and 8,700 cavalry. For years, Hannibal challenging won victories with his competent army. He now faced integrity best of the Roman bevy, and he led a stopgap army, which did not application well against the Romans. Town was defeated, and 20,000 private soldiers of his army were stick at Zama, with the exact same number of men being engaged as prisoners.

The Romans misplaced as few as 500 departed and 4,000 wounded. With their best general defeated, the Carthaginians accepted defeat and surrendered tell somebody to Rome.

Exile and death

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Seven years after interpretation victory of Zama, the Book demanded Hannibal's surrender.

He went into voluntary exile and went to Tyre, the mother-city competition Carthage, and then to City and Syria.

In 190 BC, he was placed in chance of a Phoenician fleet, however it was defeated in unadulterated battle off the Eurymedon Squirt. Hannibal went to Cretebut erelong returned to the Asia Insignificant.

At Libyssa, on the easterly shore of the Sea carry out Marmora, he was going like be turned over to probity Romans. Rather than letting man be taken, he committed slayer by drinking poison. The wordforword year of his death pump up not certain. It is considered to be 183 BC. Type died in the same day as Scipio Africanus.

In layer and television

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References

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Other websites

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